FTCE - K-6 - Social Studies

Thematic Maps

Show specific topics or subjects (Climate, human population)

Symbol

Representations of real things on a map; usually small simple shapes and pics

Scale

Items on a map are drawn to size; when compared to each other they are the right size and distance apart; the larger the scale, the more detail shown

Satellite Imagery

Images obtained via space based satellites that provide an accurate view of earth and other objects and planets in space

Relief Maps

Show the shape of the land's surface; provide detail through use of color and contour lines

Regions

Wide ranging geographic area; usually contains similar physical features or unifying characteristics

Prime Meridian

Vertical, imaginary line that divides the earth into its eastern and western halves; runs through greenwich, england

Populations

People living in a particular geographic area

Political Maps

Show government boundaries of countries, states and countries; identify major cities and significant bodies of water

Physical Maps

Show country borders, major cities, significant bodies of water and major landforms like deserts, mountains and plains

Oceans

Largest expanses of sea water on earth: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Southern

Legend

Explains what the symbols, colors, lines and so on mean on a map (key)

Latitude and Longitude

Longitude lines run from the poles (North and South); latitude lines run parallel to the equator (East and West)

International Date Line

Largely vertical, imaginary line that marks where the date officially changes each day

Hempispheres

Northern and southern halves of the earth divided by the equator

Grid

Vertical and horizontal lines on a map

GPS

(Global Positioning System)

Satellite navigation systems that involve multiple satellites and computers working together to compute locations on earth

Globe

Small model of the earth; considered the most accurate representation of earth

Erosion

The wearing away or diminishing of the Earth's surface

Equator

Horizontal, imaginary line that divides the earth into its northern and southern halves

Directions

Main directions are north, east, south, west

Demography

A branch of science concerned with the well being of society; statistical study of human populations interested in analyzing changes in size, movement, crime rates, education levels and so on

Deforestation

The process of clearing the forests; destabilizes mountainous regions

Continents

7 mainland masses on earth; Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antartica, Europe and Australia

Continental Drift

Refers to the movement of the Earth's crust overtime; plate techniques

Compass Rose

Indicator of 4 main directions: North, South, East, West

Cartographers

Mapmakers

Uses of Geography

Interpreting the past and present along with planning for the future

Environment and Society

The relationship and interactions that take place between people and their surroundings

Human Systems

People or inhabitants

Physical Systems

Processes that change and shape the Earth

Places and Regions

The physical characteristics of specific places and how they form and change

World in Spatial Terms

Location; Position on the Earth's surface; relative or absolute

Relative- location of something in relation to another place

Absolute- specific location of a place

Reference organization of people and places on Earth

6 Essential Elements of Geography

1. The world in spacial terms

2. Places and regions

3. Physical systems

4. Human systems

5. Environment and society

6. Uses of geography

Peso

Mexico's currency

Yen

Japans's currency

Federal Reserves Banks

Central bank of USA federal banking system located in each of the 12 districts; regulates and supervises member banks in the 12 regions; maintains funds for future use, issues bank notes, controls credit, lends money

Stock Market

A place (virtual or physical) where stocks and bonds are exchanged; activity in these exchanges are an indicator of the state of the economy

Credit Union

Depository, financial institution; establishment owned , controlled and operated by its members; provides financial services like banks but with lower interest rates

Bank

Depository, financial institution; an establishment authorized by the government that mediates financial transactions and provides other financial services

Trade

Exchange of goods and services

Stagflation

High rate of inflation accompanied by rising unemployment

Scarcity

Insufficient supply or shortage of goods and services; often affected by consumer decision making

Recession

Slowing of economic activity

Production

Creation of goods and services

Natural Resource

An available supply of something (land, water, oil) occurring in nature; often used to create wealth

Monopoly

One company or institution that has exclusive control of a particular good or service in a market

Limited Resource

An item that is short in supply

Inflation

A persistent, general increase in prices over a period of time

Human Resource

A person used to accomplish a goal

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Total monetary value of all goods and services produced in a nation during a specific time frame

Free Enterprise

Emphasizes private ownership

-supply and demand

Fiscal Policy

Government spending policies that effect interest rates, tax rates and government spending policies and in government control of economy

Finance

Managing of monetary resources

Depression

Long lasting and painful recession or slowing of economic activity

Consumption

The use and intake of goods and services

Capital Resource

Any asset used in the production of goods and services

Economic Principles

People choose; people's choices involve cost; people respond to incentives in predictable ways; people create economic systems that influence individual choices and incentives; people gain when they trade voluntarily; people's choices have consequences that lie in the future

Mixed Economy

Mixture of market and command; individuals and government make decisions regarding production, distribution and consumption of goods and services

Market Economy

Controlled by individuals; government has no say in economic affairs (Pure Market); individuals interact with companies to decide how to allocate resources and distribute goods

Command Economy

Controlled by government; decisions about what to produce and how to disseminate and use the goods are decided by government officials

Traditional Economy

Original form of economic systems characterized by bartering and trading; usually employed in rural or farm based areas; cultural traditions, beliefs and customs largely affect the production, distribution and consumption of goods

Economics

Science that deals with the production, consumption and distribution of goods and services; all categories in SS are related to economies in some way

10th Ammendment

Limits the national government to only the powers provided in the constitution

9th Ammendment

Citizens have other rights not necessarily stated in the bill of rights

8th Ammendment

Punishment cannot be excessive (cruel and unusual) and should fit the crime

7th Ammendment

In civil lawsuits (dealing with significant property or money) the right to a jury trial

6th Ammendment

Right to public and speedy trial in front of an impartial jury

5th Ammendment

Right to due process of the law

4th Ammendment

Right to privacy

3rd Ammendment

Citizens do NOT have to provide housing to soldiers during peacetime

2nd Ammendment

Right to keep and bear arms

1st Ammendment

Provides 5 basic freedoms: religion, speech, press, assembly, petition the government

Bill of Rights

Amendments 1-10 of the constitution; lays the foundation for the civic rights of citizens and limits the power of the federal government

Article VII

Approving the constitution

Article VI

Supreme law, oaths of office and debts

Article V

Ammendments

Article IV

The relationship between states; 4 sections

Article III

Judicial branch; 3 sections

Article II

Executive Branch; 4 sections

Article I

Legislative Branch; includes 9 sections

Constitution

Comprised of a preamble, 7 articles and 27 ammendments

Electoral College

Established by Article II in Constitution (1787); country's system for electing the president and VP; give more equal weight to states with small populations and to assist voters in making an informed decision regarding highest officials; electors pledge in advance to vote for the candidate of their party based on the popular vote; cast ballot based on public vote; 538 electors, 270 elector votes to win; states assigned # of electoral votes based on # of senators and reps

Election Process

Citizens choose elected officials and make decisions about laws, statutes and referenda by voting; citizens must register to vote and may declare membership to a political party

State Courts

Each state has its own independent system of courts that operates under that state's law and constitution; the local courts in the state court system have limited jurisdiction and hear only minor cases

Supreme Court

Highest court of appeals in the US; established in Article III section 1 of the US Constitution, consists of one chief justice and 8 associate justices appointed by the president; one of its most important powers is judicial review

US Court of Appeals

One court for each of the 12 regional circuits; hears appeals from courts within its circuit

US District Courts

Lowest level in federal court system; trial courts; each state has at least one district court; hears federal cases, civil and criminal; 94 judicial districts

Federal Court Systems

3 levels of federal courts: US district courts, US court of appeals, Supreme court; responsible for interpreting, enforcing and applying the law in an effort to protect the rights and liberties of citizens; courts hear 2 types of cases: civil and criminal

Federal Powers

Establish postal services; grant patents and copy rights; regulate interstate and foreign commerce; oversee national defense, declarations of war, raise and support armed forces; govern territories; conduct foreign affairs

Shared Powers (Local, State and Federal)

Ability to tax; protect life and property; may borrow money; may charter banks and corporations; may establish courts; may enforce and make laws; may seize property for public purposes; may spend $ to provide for the welfare of the public

Local and State Powers

Regulate interstate trade; establish local government; ratify amendments; conduct local and state elections; make local and state laws

Executive

Led by the president and VP; leads the country and the military; appoints justices, can veto bills passed by congress; established by the Article II of the Constitution; contains 15 departments

Judicial

(Supreme Court)

Can determine established laws to be unconstitutional; led by supreme court justices appointed by the president; established by Article III of the constitution

Legislative

(Congress)

Compromised of the senate and HOR; established by Article I of the Constitution; the senate has sole power to conduct impeachment trials which have occurred 17 times since 1789

Govenor

Leader of the state government; elected official who works cooperatively with state senators and state representatives of the HOR

Mayor

Leader or chief executive of local government; elected official and works in collaboration with the city council

China

Known as one of the oldest civilizations formed by dynasties (powerful ruling families) beginning with the Shang Dynasty, influenced government and politics, culture, warfare art (painting, poetry and calligraphy), forms of writing, religion and architecture

Egypt

Influenced politics and forms of government (monarchy and republics), literature and the arts, architecture, warfare, society (highly developed civilization for its time- 8th century BC), engineering and technology

Rome

Influenced politics and forms of government (monarchy and republics), literature and the arts, architecture, warfare, society (highly developed civilization for its time- 18th century BC), engineering and technology