monosaccharides & glucose

What does carbohydrates mean?

Hydrated carbon

What is the general formula for carbohydrates ?

• Cₓ(H₂O)y

• 1:2:1

• Ratio is important

• Eg glucose C₆H₁₂O₆

What are sugars called?

Monosaccharides

What are sugars with 6 carbon called?

Hexose monosaccharides

e.g glucose

Where is OH on the first carbon in a diagram of a glucose and B glucose?

• opposite of what you think

• a = below the plane

• B = above the plane

How would you draw an a glucose?

1. Draw oxygen

2. Draw carbons - 6th carbon comes off 5th (CH2OH)

3. OH goes underneath first carbon

4. After first carbon OH is - below above below (same for B glucose)

5. draw H opposite OH from carbons

a glucose diagram

B glucose diagram

What are different shaped molecules of the same molecule called?

Isomers

• Glucose has two isomers a glucose and B glucose

What are monosaccharides?

The monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made