Discovering music Exam 2

What are important parts of Romanticism?

1) Individual emotion

2) The French Revolution

3) The supernatural

4) Artistic barriers

5) Emphasis on nature

6) Nostalgia

Important parts of the 19th century and romanticism:

1) What does it mean to be _____?

2) More democracies were formed

3) More concert halls, which led to larger orchestras

4) People are looking up to Beethoven

Strophic form

The same music is repeated for each stanza (verse) of text.

Modified strophic

mostly same, some changes

Through-composed

all new music, no repetition.

Lied

A German song

Song Cycle

group of songs designed to be performed together as a set, often linked by a common theme, story, or poet.

Program music

1. Storytelling, something that represents music outside of itself. Types of program music: 

• Single-movement: Symphonic poem aka Tone poem 

• Multi-movement: Program symphony

Character piece

Portrays a mood or character

Nocturnes

Night pieces, inspired by the night

Concert overture

a single-movement piece of music for orchestra that is usually inspired by a story, poem, or idea and meant to be performed on its own, not as part of an opera or play.

Absolute music 

1. ex. Symphony number 7, referencing itself

-single movement: (concert) overture 

-Multi-movement: Symphony

Symphonic poem 

a single-movement orchestral work that tells a story, describes a scene, or expresses an idea — similar to a program symphony, but shorter and in one continuous section.

Nationalism in music

When composers use music to express pride in their country

Exoticism

Having an interest in a country that isn’t yours

Realism

Not looking at the world through idealistic ways

Significance of Erlkonig by Franz Schubert (Austrian) 

It tells a dramatic story, using the fast piano notes to sound like horse hooves and the voice to show each character’s feelings.

Significance of In the wonderful month of May by Robert Schumann (German)

it shows Romantic music’s focus on feelings, using gentle piano and voice to express love and longing.

Significance of A Poet’s Love by Robert Schumann (German)

it uses songs to tell a story of love and loss, expressing strong emotions through singing and piano.

Significance of The Moon Has Risen Softly by Clara Schumann

it uses voice and piano to create a soft, emotional mood

Significance of Nocturne in F-sharp by Frédéric Chopinin (Polish) 

it uses the piano to create a beautiful, emotional, and dreamy mood,

Wild Hunt by Franz List (Hungarian) 

Uses the piano to create an exciting, dramatic story of a wild chase

Fantastic Symphony by Hector Berlioz (French)

it uses the orchestra to tell an imaginative, emotional story

Romeo and Juliet by Tchaikovsky (Russian) 

it uses the orchestra to tell the story of love and tragedy

Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 77 (Johannes Brahms

(German)

it mixes beautiful melodies with impressive violin technique

Symphony No. 1 (Gustav Mahler

(Austrian)

it uses the orchestra to express emotions and tell a story, mixing traditional and new ideas in Romantic music

HUMORESQUE by Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (British)

it uses piano music to create playful, expressive moods,

Deep River by Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (British) 

it turns a spiritual into beautiful classical music

Chamber music

a type of classical music written for a small group of instruments—usually 2 to 9 players—with one performer per part (unlike an orchestra, where many musicians play the same part).