Chapter 6 Human Population Notes/Study

These flashcards cover major themes and key facts from Chapter 6 on human population dynamics, highlighting demographics, population policies, and their implications.

What was the average number of children born to Chinese women around 1970?

5.8 children

What policy did China introduce in 1970 to control population growth?

The one-child policy

What was the population growth rate in China before and after the one-child policy was implemented?

It dropped from 2.8% to 0.5%.

What significant change occurred in China’s population structure due to the one-child policy?

An increase in the number of older people and skewed sex ratios.

Which country is predicted to become the most populous nation, surpassing China?

India

What was the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in China as of recent estimates?

1.6 children per woman.

What does the IPAT model signify in relation to environmental impact?

Impact (I) results from Population (P), Affluence (A), and Technology (T).

What is the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) necessary to maintain a stable population size?

2.1 children per woman.

What stage in the demographic transition model is characterized by high birth and death rates?

Pre-Industrial Stage.

What occurs during the Industrial Stage of the demographic transition?

Birth rates fall, closing the gap with death rates as industrialization occurs.

What significant trends have caused the decline in the global population growth rate?

Decreasing birth rates and improving access to family planning.

What is the Ecological Footprint?

The area of Earth's surface necessary for the raw materials and waste management of a population.

How has the average life expectancy changed worldwide from 1960 to 2016?

Increased from 46 to 71 years.

What factors contribute to the demographic transition theory?

Economic, social, and cultural changes that influence birth and death rates.

What impact does women's empowerment have on fertility rates?

It leads to a decline in fertility rates and improved child well-being.

What was Bangladesh's Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in 2016?

2.3 children per woman.

Why is the skewed sex ratio in China concerning?

It may lead to a higher number of single men, increasing social issues.

What is Replacement Fertility?

The TFR that keeps a population's size stable.

What can low contraceptive use in some cultures be attributed to?

Limited availability and cultural influences.

How did the rate of natural increase change in Europe by 2016?

It was between 0.0% and 0.1%.

What relationship exists between wealth and population growth rates?

Wealthier societies tend to have lower population growth rates.

Who predicted that human population growth would soon outpace food production?

Paul Ehrlich in his 1968 book, The Population Bomb.

What percentage of women aged 15-49 used modern contraceptives worldwide in 2016?

56%.

What is 'Demographic Fatigue'?

The overwhelming challenges faced by governments of developing nations dealing with large populations.