Muscular Systems

a-

absence of, without

ab-

away from

ad-

towards

dys-

painful, difficult, abnormal, labored

hyper-

above, excessive

inter-

between

intra-

within, in

poly-

many, much

sub-

below, under

supra-

above

sym-

together, joined

syn-

together, joined

kinesi/o

movement, motion

my/o

muscle

radic/o

nerve root

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

ten/o

tendon

tendin/o

tendon

tend/o

tendon

-al

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-ar

pertaining to

-asthenia

weakness

-centesis

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

-desis

surgical fixation, fusion

-ectomy

excision, surgical removal, cutting out

-gram

the record, radiographic image

-graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

-ic

pertaining to

-itis

inflammation

-lysis

loosening, separating, dissolution

-oid

resembling

-oma

tumor

-osis

abnormal condition

-penia

abnormal reduction

-physis

growth

-plasty

-surgical repair

-rraphy

suturing, repairing

-sarcoma

malignant tumor

-schisis

split, fissure

-scopy

process of viewing, visual examination

-tomy

incision, cut into

-trophy

nourishment, development

antagonistic

in opposition to each other

bradykinesia

condition of slow movement

cardiac muscle

involuntary and found only in the heart. highly coordinated contractions pump blood into the vessels of the circulatory system

dyskinesia

abnormal involuntary movements of the extremities, trunk or jaw

electromyogram

record of the electricity of the muscle

electromyography (EMG)

recording of muscle electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle

fibromyalgia

a common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by muscle pain

hemiplegia

paralysis on one side of the body

hemostasis

the process by which the body seals a ruptured blood vessel to prevent further blood loss

hyperkinesia

excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole

hypertrophy

the enlargement of muscles

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

a procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to create detailed pictures of areas inside a body

muscular dystrophy

a general term for the group of inherited myopathies that are characterized by wasting and weakness of the skeletal muscle

myalgia

pain in a muscle or group of muscles

myasthenia gravis

a disease in which antibodies made by a person’s immune system prevent certain nerve-muscle interactions, causing weakness in the arms and legs, vision problems, and drooping eyelids or head

myeloma

cancer that arises in plasma cells

paraplegia

paralysis that affects both legs and lower part of the body

paresis

partial paralysis wherein there is still some control of the muscles

polymyositis

an inflammatory disease of the muscles closest to the center of the body

quadriplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

rhabdomyolysis

necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle

skeletal muscle

the muscles responsible for voluntary muscle movement; also called striated muscle

smooth muscle

the muscle responsible for involuntary muscle movement; also called visceral muscle

sprain

the stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments

strain

an overstretching or overexertion of a muscle or tendon

tendinitis

inflammation of the tendon