HGAP Unit 4

Conservatism

A belief in the value pf established and traditional practices in politics and society (less government control, old way of esrly US)

Liberalism

Belief that freedom of the individual is Paramount and government's role should be limited to protecting that freedom

Socialism

ownership and control of the means of production/distribution (capital, land, etc.) by a community as a whole usually through a centralized government (high taxes, high spending)

Communism

all economic/social activity controlled by government by a totalitarian state dominated by a single, self

Facism

led by a dictator having complete power forcibly suppressing opposition/criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc. and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism

Anarchy

commonly associated with chaos /violence

based on independence/free will

belief that people can coexist without control

Example of Anarchy

CHAZ in Seattle Washington after George Floyd

Direct Democracy

every citizen has equal voice/vote people are ultimate power (everyone votes)

Example of Direct Democracy

Ancient Athens

Indirect Democracy

citizens elect representatives who make laws all citizens follow. Representatives have more power than ppl while in office

Example of Indirect Democracy

USA

Dictatoriship

dictators usually resort to force (the military) or fraud to gain political power which they maintain through intimidation. Terror and suppression of basic liberties

Examples of Dictatorship

Kim Jong Un (NK)

Nicolas Madura (President of Venezuela)

Oligarchy

a power structure made up of a few elite individuals, families, or corporations that are allowed to control a country/organization

Example of Oligarchy

Xi Jinping (China)

USA?

Absolute Monarchy

monarch has ultimate say in all matters of government

Examples of Absolute Monarchy

Saudi Arabia, Oman

Constitutional Monarchy

Head of state but is limited by a constitution. Elected officials make decisions on behalf of people

Examples of constitutional Monarchy

U.K., Kingdom of Jordan

Theocracy

ruler is simultaneously head of government and state religion

Examples of Theocracy

Taliban in Afghanistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia (with monarchy), and several African Countries

Political Geography

the study of the ways in which the world is organized as a reflection of the power that different groups hold over territory

Examples of different interpretations of world maps

Political Maps

State

an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs

What regions test the definition of a state?

Kashmir (India/Pakistan/China) and West Bank (Israel/Palestine)

Sovereignty

the right to control and defend its territory and determine what happens within its borders

Defining borders

Microstates

sovereign states with small populations and land area

Nation

a cultural entity made up of individuals who have forged a common identity through a shared language, religion, ethnicity, or heritage

share a common vision of the future and having a feeling of togetherness

Nation Examples

Native Hawaiians and Indigenous peoples

The first sovereign political units were called...

City

When did the basis for the "modern" state happen?

Medieval Era

How were Empires made?

Powerful actors assembled Empires which arbitrarily accumulated lands through conquest

Nation

State

an ideal, not a reality because there is no nation on Earth that is purely one race/ethnicity (bc of migration)

Estonia, Japan, Iceland, and Iran come close to the definition of a nation

Multi

State Nation

this is when people feel a stronger affinity for a neighboring state that is home to others of their ethnic group than to their own state

feel connected to where youŕe from

EX: Russia, proud Texan that moves to michigan