Final Exam Review on Child Development Theories and Education

This set of flashcards focuses on key concepts, theorists, and terms related to attachment theory, education, and socio-economic factors that affect child development.

Attachment Theory

A psychological model that describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans, primarily focusing on the bond between children and their caregivers.

John Bowlby

The founding theorist of attachment theory, who proposed that a child's need for protection and proximity to the caregiver is fundamental to survival.

Mary Ainsworth

A psychologist who expanded upon Bowlby’s work and developed the Strange Situation Experiment to categorize infant attachment styles.

Strange Situation Experiment

A standardized procedure developed by Ainsworth to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and a child.

Secure Attachment

A type of attachment characterized by a child exploring their environment confidently while being comforted by their caregiver.

Avoidant Attachment

A type of attachment where the child shows little distress when separated from the caregiver and avoids contact upon their return.

Ambivalent Attachment

A type of attachment in which a child displays high anxiety when separated and exhibits clingy or angry behavior upon the caregiver's return.

Internal Working Models

The mental representations of self and others that children develop based on their interactions with caregivers.

Stranger Anxiety

A developmental phenomenon where infants show fear or caution towards unfamiliar people.

Separation Anxiety

Distress experienced by children when separated from their primary caregiver.

Cognitive Offloading

The use of external resources to aid memory and processing, often facilitated by technology.

Structural Functionalism

A sociological perspective that views society as a complex system with parts working together to promote stability.

Meritocracy

A social system in which individuals attain success based on their abilities and efforts rather than their socio-economic background.

Hidden Curriculum

The implicit lessons, values, and norms that students learn in school, which go beyond the formal curriculum.

Cultural Capital

The non-financial social assets that promote social mobility in a stratified society, such as education and intellect.

Racialized Construction of Exceptionality

The concept that racial and ethnic biases affect the identification and treatment of students deemed as having exceptionalities.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Potentially traumatic events occurring in childhood that can have lasting effects on health and well-being.

Toxic Stress

A prolonged activation of the stress response system without the buffering effect of a supportive relationship.

Parentification

A form of role reversal where a child takes on responsibilities typically held by a parent, often due to neglect or parental inability.

Heteronormativity

The assumption that heterosexuality is the norm and that there are only two genders, reinforcing traditional gender roles.

Manosphere

A term referring to a network of blogs, forums, and websites where topics of men's interests are discussed but often contain misogynistic content.

Food Insecurity

The lack of reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.

Exceptionalities

A term used to classify students who require special educational assistance due to disabilities or giftedness.