GHP visual art

Principles of Design

Guidelines of balance, proportion, emphasis and rhythm that tell us how to use the Elements of Design to create pleasing designs.Governs how artists organize the elements of art.

Balance (PoD)

the visual weight of an artwork, four types

Symmetrical Balance (PoD)

exactly the same on both sides

Asymmetrical Balance (PoD)

both sides are different

Approximate Balance (PoD)

subtle differences

Radial Balance (PoD)

objects are arranged around a central point in a circular fashion

Emphasis (PoD)

the main area of an artwork, the focal point, the part of the artwork your eye notices first, can be created through contrast, isolation, or simplicity

Pattern (PoD)

repetition of an element or groups of elements

Contrast (PoD)

the differences in an artwork, ie: color, shape, and size contrast

Movement (PoD)

objects that keep your eye moving through the artwork

Rhythm (PoD)

the repetition of visual movement, often considered the flow of the artwork

Unity (PoD)

elements working together as one to give the artwork a sense of cohesiveness

Elements of art

The visual components of color, form, line, shape, space, texture, and value. The basic building blocks or ingredient of art.

Value (EoA)

the lights and darks of a color, often used to give the illusion of form

Line (EoA)

a mark made by a pointed object that is not closed, with length and direction, continuous mark by moving a point

Shape (EoA)

an area enclosed by a line, defined and determined by other art elements 2-D

Form (EoA)

a perception of a three-dimensional shape

Texture (EoA)

the surface quality of an object, ie. smooth, rough, furry

Color (EoA)

consists of hue, intensity (brightness), and value (lightness or darkness)

Primary Colors (EoA)

red, yellow, blue

Secondary Colors (EoA)

orange, green, violet

Tertiary Colors (EoA)

red-orange, yellow-orange, blue-violet, red-violet, blue-green, yellow-green

Monochromatic (color: EoA)

tints and shades of one color

Tint (monochromatic: color: EoA)

a color mixed with white

Shade (monochromatic: color: EoA)

black mixed with a color

Analogous (color harmonies: color: EoA)

any 3-4 colors in a row on a color wheel

Complementary (color harmonies: color: EoA)

across from each other on the color wheel

aesthetic

a sense of what is beautiful or visually pleasing

art-visual communication

leap of the imagination expressed in a creative way

beauty

one's understanding of what is visually pleasing

design

an ordered aesthetic arrangement of one or more of the elements of art

content

the message the artist is trying to convey or communicate in a work of art

craftsmanship

refers to the quality of workmanship exhibited in the use of tools and materials

creativity

the experience of thinking, reacting and working characterized by a high degree of innovation and originality, divergent thinking, and risk taking

materials

art tools such as rulers, compasses, protractors etc

media

any material(s) with which a work of art is made or the technique the artist used

technique

the skill or manner in which a medium is handled

space

the distance or area between, around, above, below, or within things

harmony

creates unity in composition by stressing the likeness and similarities of the visual elements

variety

the use of differences and change to increase the visual

gradation

creates unity connecting elements with gradual changes

proportion

the comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size, quantity, or degree, scale

art criticism

studying, understanding, and judging works of art, an organized approach for studying a work of art

description

a careful list of all things seen in an artwork, in art history, telling who produces a particular work of art, when, and where it was done

analysis

how is the work organized, noting how principles of art are used to organize the elements of line, shape, form, color, texture, shape, and space in a composition

interpretation

what is the artist trying to communicate? determining and explaining the meaning, mood, or idea of artwork

judgement

making a decision about an artwork's success or lack of success and providing the reasons to support the decision

composition

the way your page is arranged

the rule of thirds

used to create compositions that are well balanced

Cermanics

creation of an object out of clay

Clay (ceramics)

a natural material extracted from the earth's crust. the composition if clay particles renders a plastic quality means it deforms under pressure and retains a new shape without cracking. made of alumina + silica + water, 3 types

Earthenware clay (3 types of clay: ceramics)

fires at low temperature, is porous and chips easily. glazed pottery is fired to a temperature of 1830-2010 degrees Fahrenheit. available in red or also white

Stoneware clay (3 types of clay: ceramics)

high fire, holds water without glazing

Porcelain clay (3 types of clay: ceramics)

very high firing clay, white and translucent when fired. difficult to work with

Coil (methods of working: ceramics)

creating a form with long, rope shaped, pieces of clay

Pinch (methods of working: ceramics)

manipulate clay with your fingers in your palm to a hollow shape

Slab (methods of working: ceramics)

creating a form utilizing flat pieces of clay, pressed or rolled flat sections of clay used in hand building

Slip casting (methods of working: ceramics)

using of plaster molds to creating a form. very commercial

Throwing (methods of working: ceramics)

creating ceramic shapes on the potter's wheel

Slip (stages of clay: ceramics)

clay mixed with water with a mayonnaise consistency. used in casting and decoration. 50% water

Plasticity (stages of clay: ceramics)

the quality of clay which allows it to be manipulated into different shapes without cracking or breaking. 25% water

Leather hard (stages of clay: ceramics)

stage of the clay between plastic and bone dry. clay is still damp enough to join it to other pieces using slip. for example, this is the stage handles are applied to mugs. 10% water

Bone dry (stages of clay: ceramics)

completely air dried 2% water

greenware (stages of clay: ceramics)

unfired pottery, ready to bisque fired

bisque (stages of clay: ceramics)

pottery which has been fired once, without glaze, and cannot be recycled. 0% water

fire (firing stages: ceramics)

to heat a clay object in a kiln to a specific temperature

firing range (firing stages: ceramics)

the range of temperature at which a clay becomes mature or a glaze melts

bisque fire (firing stages: ceramics)

first firing, without glaze. slips can be used in a bisque firing

glaze firing (firing stages: ceramics)

the final firing, with glaze

bat (tools: ceramics)

a flat disc made out of plaster, wood, or plastic which is affixed to the wheel head with clay or pins. Bats are used to throw pieces on that would be difficult to lift off the wheel head

banding wheel (tools: ceramics)

a revolving wheel-head which sits on a pedestal base. it is turned by hand and used for finishing or decorating pottery

calipers (tools: ceramics)

a tool used to measure the diameter of round forms, for example calipers are used to get lids to fit just right

cone (tools: ceramics)

pyrometric, a pyramid composed of clay and glaze, made to melt and bend at specific temperatures. it is used in a kiln to determine the end of a firing or in some electric kilns it shuts off a kiln setter

cut-off wires (tools: ceramics)

probably the most common ones have two hardwood handles at either end

fettling knives (tools: ceramics)

useful in cutting large lumps of lay, cleaning edges of cast pieces, and in removing thrown work from the potter's wheel

kiln (tools: ceramics)

a furnace of refractory clay bricks for firing pottery and for fusing glass

mold (tools: ceramics)

a plaster shape designed to pour slip case into and let dry so the shape comes out as an exact replica of the mold

needle tool (tools: ceramics)

these long heavy needles set into wooden, metal, or plastic handles are one of the most versatile tools in pottery

potters wheel (tools: ceramics)

a device with either a manual (foot powered) or an electric rotating wheel head used to sit at and make pottery forms

rib (tools: ceramics)

a rubber, metal or wooden tool used to facilitate wheel throwing of pottery forms

scrappers (tools: ceramics)

look a lot like ribs, but are lighter and used to smooth wet and soft leather-hard greenware and are steel, rubber, or wood

loop, wire, and ribbon tools (tools: ceramics)

used for trimming greenware and for use in handbuilding

wooden modeling tools (tools: ceramics)

come in a variety of shapes, useful in all sorts of handbuilding

centering (ceramics)

technique to move the clay in to a symmetrical rotating axis in the middle of a wheel head so you can throw it

compress (ceramics)

pushing the clay down and together, forcing the particles of clay closer

composite pots (ceramics)

pots that were thrown or hand built in separate pieces and then assembled

dry-foot (ceramics)

to keep the foot or bottom of a pot free from glaze by waxing or removing the glaze

extrusion (ceramics)

clay forced through a die to form uniform shaped

foot (ceramics)

base of a ceramic form

glaze (ceramics)

a thin coating of glass. an impervious silicate coating, which is developed in clay ware by the fusion under heat of inorganic materials

grog (ceramics)

fired clay ground to various mesh sizes

peephole (ceramics)

a small observation hole in the wall or door of a kiln

slurry (ceramics)

a thick slip

stacking (ceramics)

load a kiln to hold the maximum number of pieces

vitrification (ceramics)

the firing of pottery to the point of glossification

wedging (ceramics)

a method of kneading clay to make it homogenous (evenly mixed), remove air bubbles, and to change the water content by cutting and rolling

Stone age characteristics 30,000 bc-2500 bc (art periods/movements)

cave painting, fertility goddesses, megalithic structure

Stone age artists and works 30,000 bc-2500 bc (art periods/movements)

lascaux cave painting, woman of willendorf, stonehenge

Stone age historical events 30,000 bc-2500 bc (art periods/movements)

ice age ends (10,000 bc - 8000 bc), new stone age and first permanent settlements (8000 bc - 2500 bc)

Mesopotamian characteristics 3500 b.c-539 bc (art periods/movements)

warrior art and narration in stone relief