Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

Flashcards covering key concepts related to respiratory volumes and capacities as discussed in the lecture.

What is tidal volume and how much air does it usually consist of?

Tidal volume is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing, which is around 500 milliliters.

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Inspiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a tidal inhalation, approximately 3000 milliliters.

What is the definition of expiratory reserve volume?

Expiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a tidal exhalation, approximately 1100 milliliters.

What does residual volume refer to?

Residual volume is the amount of air remaining in the alveoli after maximum exhalation, approximately 1200 milliliters.

What is the formula for total lung capacity?

Total lung capacity is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume.

What is functional residual capacity?

Functional residual capacity is the sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume.

How is minute ventilation calculated?

Minute ventilation is calculated by multiplying tidal volume by respiratory rate.

What is the normal respiratory rate range for a healthy adult?

The normal respiratory rate for a healthy adult is between 12 to 16 breaths per minute.

What is anatomic dead space?

Anatomic dead space is the portion of the respiratory system where no gaseous exchange occurs, such as the nasal cavity and trachea.

What does the forced vital capacity (FVC) measure?

Forced vital capacity measures the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a deep inhalation.

What is forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)?

FEV1 is the amount of air exhaled forcefully in the first second after a deep inhalation.

What distinguishes obstructive disorders from restrictive disorders?

In obstructive disorders, FEV1 is low but FVC is normal; in restrictive disorders, both FEV1 and FVC are low but FEV1% is normal or high.

What happens to the respiratory rate during exercise?

The respiratory rate increases during exercise to supply more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

What are the two devices used to measure lung function?

The vitalogram and spirometer are the two devices used to measure lung function.

What is the significance of an FEV1% below 70%?

An FEV1% below 70% suggests that there may be an obstruction in the airways.

What changes occur in lung function with prolonged exercise?

With prolonged exercise, vital capacity increases, residual volume decreases, and breathing becomes deeper and more efficient.