Microscopic Anatomy of the Periodontium Chapter 2

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the microscopic anatomy of the periodontium, essential for understanding periodontal health and disease.

Periodontium

The supporting structures surrounding the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligaments, and bone.

Extracellular Matrix

A mesh-like network surrounding cells that provides support and structural framework for cells within tissue.

Keratinization

The process where surface epithelial cells become stronger and waterproof, often found on the palms of hands and soles of feet.

Junctional Epithelium

Forms the base of the gingival sulcus and joins gingiva to tooth; important for attachment and barrier functions.

Desmosomes

Cellular structures that create connections between adjacent epithelial cells.

Hemidesmosomes

Cellular structures that anchor epithelial cells to the underlying basal lamina.

Supragingival Fiber Bundles

Collagen fiber bundles in gingival connective tissue that provide structural support and attachment to the tooth.

Alveolar Bone

Bone structure that forms and supports the sockets of the teeth, responds to mechanical forces and inflammation.

Gingival Epithelium

Specialized stratified squamous epithelium that functions well in the oral cavity and is structured for moisture.

Fibroblasts

Cells in connective tissue that produce fibers and the extracellular matrix.

Cementum

Mineralized tissue covering tooth roots that helps attach the tooth to the alveolar bone via periodontal fibers.

Epithelium-Connective Tissue Interface

The boundary where epithelial and connective tissues meet; can have varying morphology to enhance adhesion.

Gingival Sulcus

The space between the tooth and gum, lined by sulcular epithelium, allowing for fluid movement in health.

Sharpey’s Fibers

Calcified terminal ends of periodontal fibers that attach to cementum and bone during formation.

Principal Fiber Groups

The main groups of fibers in the periodontal ligament that provide support and attachment for teeth.

Mast Cells

Cells involved in immune response and inflammatory processes found in connective tissue.

Epithelial Ridges

Extensions of the epithelium into the connective tissue, enhancing the surface area for adhesion.