Adolescence and Students with Learning Disabilities

This set of flashcards covers characteristics of adolescents with learning disabilities, transition planning, educational settings, and legislation for postsecondary success.

Passive learning

An attitude of learned helplessness developed by students with learning disabilities due to many failure-producing experiences.

Attribution theory

A person’s ideas concerning the causes of his or her successes and failures, often involving the belief that the student was not responsible for their own successes.

Collaborative teaching

A strategy where content-area teachers and special educators establish partnerships to plan and deliver instruction, provide accommodations, and enhance instructional techniques.

High-stakes testing

Statewide tests given to all students, as required by IDEA-2004 and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB-2001), that result in critical decisions for the child.

Transition

For adolescents, the process or passage from school to the adult world, which must include planning for training, education, employment, and living skills.

Individualized transition plan (ITP)

A document that must be written as part of the IEP starting at age $16$ to outline postschool goals and activities.

Summary of Performance (SOP)

An IDEA-2004 requirement where school staff provide the student with a summary of academic achievement and functional performance, including recommendations for postsecondary goals, during their final year of school.

Supported employment

Transition programs that offer a bridge from school to work through specific employment support services.

Survival skills

Skills taught to enable students to function in the outside world, including strategies to stay out of trouble and acquire positive behavioral patterns.

Basic academic skills instruction

A curriculum model focused on remediating academic deficits through direct teaching, especially in reading and mathematics, at the student's achievement level.

Tutorial instruction

A model designed to help students meet requirements in specific content subjects through one-to-one or small group instruction using the 'I do, We do, You do together, You do' sequence.

Functional skills instruction

Teaching aimed at equipping students to function in society by focusing on consumer information, banking, money skills, and life-care skills.

Work-study programs

A high school program where students work on a job for a portion of the day and attend school for the remainder to provide job-related skills and experience.

Learning strategy

An individual’s approach to a task, including how they think and act when planning, executing, and evaluating performance and its outcome.

Background knowledge

Information and experiences gained about a topic of instruction or a reading selection used to aid future learning.

Generalization

The ability of successful learners to use skills and knowledge in new situations and adapt them to particular contexts.

Strategies Intervention Model (SIM)

A recognized, fully developed procedure for teaching learning strategies to adolescents with learning disabilities in two phases: identifying curriculum demands and matching them with strategies.

Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)

A federal law passed in $1990$ (updated in $2008$ as ADAA) to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities.

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

Federal law covering all agencies and institutions receiving financial assistance, requiring that no qualified handicapped individual be excluded from participation.

Primary documentation

A student’s self-report used for requesting reasonable accommodations in college programs.

Secondary documentation

Documentation based on observation and interaction by higher education disability professionals during interviews and conversations.

Tertiary documentation

External or third-party information such as medical records, previous testing, or discussions with the high school system used to document a disability.

The Laubach program

One of the literacy organizations available for adults, alongside Literacy Volunteers of America and Adult Basic Education (ABE).