Unit 7 vocab

Progressive Movement

A movement that attracted various constituencies around various reforms, with different American ideas on managing the country’s development and protecting interests.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

The 1911 fire in Manhattan that killed over two hundred women due to chained doors, highlighting unsafe working conditions.

Hull-House

A settlement house that provided services such as nursery care, education, and community events for neighbors.

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed business practices, poverty, and corruption, sparking public demands for reform.

The Jungle

A novel by Upton Sinclair that revealed the brutal exploitation of labor in the meatpacking industry and the processes of industrialized food production.

Meat Inspection Act

A law passed in 1906 following Sinclair’s exposé, aimed at ensuring safe meat and food standards.

Social Gospel

A movement emerging in Protestant Christianity emphasizing social salvation and the need for Christians to address societal issues.

NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association)

A leading organization advocating for women's suffrage, mainly composed of middle- and upper-class women.

Atlanta Compromise

Booker T. Washington's philosophy encouraging Black Americans to accept segregation temporarily while working for mutual progress.

NAACP

Founded in 1909, an organization advocating for civil rights and fighting against racial discrimination.

Northern Securities Company

A major holding trust controlling shares in multiple railroad companies, famously associated with J.P. Morgan.

Conservation vs. Preservation

Conservation involves managing land and resources for human use, while preservation aims to protect land for its intrinsic value.

Progressive Party

A political party formed by Theodore Roosevelt after leaving the Republican Party, focusing on progressive reforms.

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's philosophy emphasizing regulation of corporations and expansion of federal power over the economy.

14th Amendment

Grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and ensures equal protection under the law.

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors in the United States.

Clayton Antitrust Act

An act enhancing the Sherman Act, regulating mergers and protecting labor's rights.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalist newspaper reporting that often compromises accuracy, such as advocating for war with Spain.

Open Door Policy

A policy aimed at ensuring equal trading rights for all Western powers in China.

Dollar Diplomacy

A foreign policy strategy focused on using economic power rather than military interventions.

Lusitania

A British ocean liner whose sinking by a German U-boat contributed to American outrage and the desire to enter World War I.

Unrestricted submarine warfare

Germany's naval warfare strategy targeting any ship, which contributed to US involvement in WWI.

Zimmerman Telegram

A secret communication from Germany proposing a military alliance with Mexico, leading to US entry into WWI.

Red Scare (First)

A period of heightened fears of communism in the US following the 1917 Russian Revolution.

Fourteen Points

President Wilson's peace proposal outlining principles for peace negotiations after WWI.

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty that officially ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations on Germany.

League of Nations

An international organization established after WWI to promote peace and cooperation among nations.

Black Wall Street

A term referring to the prosperous Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma, known for its Black-owned businesses.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement in the 1920s celebrating African American artistic expression and the New Negro Movement.

UNIA

The Universal Negro Improvement Association, founded by Marcus Garvey to promote Black nationalism and economic independence.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A bribery scandal involving government oil reserves, leading to the conviction of interior secretary Albert Fall.

Flapper

A woman in the 1920s who embraced a lifestyle viewed as outrageous and liberal, characterized by short skirts and new freedoms.

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

A measure of the economic performance of a country, indicating its overall economic health.

Black Tuesday

The day in 1929 when the stock market crashed, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

The highest tariff in American history, enacted in 1930, worsening the global economic downturn.

Dust Bowl

A period during the 1930s characterized by severe drought and ecological devastation in the Great Plains.

New Deal

A series of programs and reforms introduced during FDR's presidency to counter the Great Depression.

Fireside Chat

Radio addresses by FDR to communicate directly with the American public and explain his policies.

Glass-Steagall Act

Legislation establishing federal deposit insurance and separating commercial from investment banking.

Social Security Act

A landmark law providing for unemployment insurance and old-age pensions.

CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)

An organization founded in 1942 advocating for civil rights through nonviolent direct action.

Manhattan Project

A secret US program to develop atomic weapons during World War II.

Trinity

The code name for the first successful test of a nuclear weapon in July 1945.

Executive Order 9066

Order that authorized the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Tehran Conference

A meeting among Allied leaders during WWII to plan the European theater strategy.

Yalta Conference

A post-WWII meeting of the Allied leaders to discuss the reorganization of Europe.

G.I. Bill

A law providing various benefits to returning World War II veterans.