exam4

What type of molecules are present in a substance that dissolves readily in water but not in benzene?

Polar

What is the interaction between solute particles and water molecules that causes a salt to dissolve?

Hydration

Why does ethanol dissolve in water while benzene does not?

Ethanol contains a polar O-H bond, and benzene does not.

Do polar molecules have an equal or unequal distribution of charge?

Unequal distribution of charge

Which of the following is a strong acid?

HClO4

Which of the following is a weak acid?

HBr

Which of the following is not a strong base?

NH3

Which of the following pairs is incorrect?

HNO3 - weak acid

Who discovered the essential nature of acids through solution conductivity studies?

Arrhenius

What happens when a solid acid HX is mixed with water in case I?

HX acts like a weak acid.

What is the definition of an acid?

A substance that produces H+ ions in water.

What is the concentration of a solution if 14.2 g of HF is dissolved in 200 mL of solution?

3.5 M

How many grams of NaCl are contained in 350 mL of a 0.115 M solution?

2.35 g

Which aqueous solution contains the greatest number of ions?

300.0 mL of 0.10 M CaCl2

What mass of calcium chloride is needed to prepare 4.600 L of a 1.53 M solution?

781 g

What is the molarity of a solution with 72.5 g of SrCl2 in 112.5 mL?

4.07 M

What mass of solute is in 256 mL of a 0.944 M ammonium chloride solution?

12.9 g

How many mL of Ba(OH)2 solution must be diluted to make 1.000 L of 0.100 M Ba(OH)2?

505 mL

What volume of 18 M sulfuric acid is needed to prepare 1.80 L of 0.205 M H2SO4?

21 mL

How many grams of NaOH are in 5.0 × 102 mL of a 0.81 M sodium hydroxide solution?

16 g

How many grams of CaCl2 must be dissolved to make 1.95 L of 0.0439 M Cl-?

4.75 g

Does the concentration of a salt water solution in an open beaker decrease over time?

False

What is the minimum number of pieces of information needed to determine which solution has the highest concentration of chemical A?

2

How many moles of insulin are needed to make 45 mL of a 0.0062 M insulin solution?

0.00056 mol

Which solute would make the solution having the highest molar concentration?

LiOH

What do you need to know to calculate the molarity of a salt solution?

The mass of salt added, the molar mass of the salt, and the total volume of the solution.

What is the total number of moles of H+ available for reaction in 1.50 L of 0.500 M H3PO4?

2.25 moles

What type of reactions are represented by ZnBr2(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + 2AgBr(s) and KBr(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgBr(s) + KNO3(aq)?

Precipitation reactions

Which solution would require more volume to neutralize NaOH, HCl or H2SO4?

The HCl solution.

What mass of NaOH is required to react exactly with 25.0 mL of 2.2 M H2SO4?

4.4 g

With what volume of 5.00 M HF will 4.03 g of calcium hydroxide react completely?

21.8 mL

In which compound does nitrogen have an oxidation state of +4?

NO2

What is the oxidation state of iodine in IO3-?

+5

What is the oxidation state of chlorine in ClO3-?

+5

Which statement is not true about metal-nonmetal reactions?

When two nonmetals react, the compound formed is ionic.

Which statements about oxidation and reduction are true?

A, C, and D (cannot occur independently, accompany all chemical changes, describe loss and gain of electrons, result in change in oxidation states).

Is oxidation the gain of electrons?

False

What is a reducing agent?

An electron donor.

What is a molecule with an unequal charge distribution called?

Polar molecule.

What are soluble ionic compounds containing the hydroxide ion called?

Strong bases.

What is a substance dissolved in a liquid to make a solution?

Solute.

What is an electrolyte that dissociates to a great extent in an aqueous solution?

Strong electrolyte.

How is molarity defined?

Moles of solute per volume of solution in liters.

In which compound does nitrogen have the highest oxidation state?

HNO3.

In which compound does nitrogen have the lowest oxidation state?

NH4Cl.

In which compound does iodine have the lowest oxidation state?

NH4I.