Hugo U1 test

Reference maps

general information, navigation, local maps

Reference maps examples

political, physical, and road maps

Political map

states, countries, capitals (reference map)

Physical map

natural features (reference map)

Road map

highways, streets (reference map)

Thematic maps

communicate information about a place, including its spatial aspects and what it is like there.

Choropleth maps

use various colors, shades of one color, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data.

Dot- density

each dot represents a specified quantity of a spatial characteristic

Graduated symbol

Use symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of a variable

Cartogram

the sizes of countries are shown according to a specific variable. Area is distorted to show a variable.

Isoline maps

use lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space. Used for weather and elevation.

Absolute location

exact and precise, address, latitude and longitude

Relative location

relationship to another place, saying “its next to my house” “between the high school and clemets building”

Absolute distance

exact and precise distance away

Relative distance

“How far is waco from dallas” “Its 1 hour”

Spatial interaction

conections contacts, movement and flow of things between places. Amazon has drastically decreased relative distance between consumers and products.I can order anything on Prime and have it delivered to my house in two days! 

Absolute direction

exact and precise directions to location

Relative direction

relative relationships, turn left at target, then right at the second stop-sign

Clustering

close together, density, the number of something in a defined area

disperal/distrubution

far apart from eachother

Patterns and spatial associations

indication that two or more phonemes may be related, associated, or correlated with one another.

Mercator

area is distorted near the poles, increases size of high latitude areas

Peters equal area

shapes are inaccurate near the poles, vertically stretched near the equator

Robinson

all aspects are slightly distorted

Conic map

wrapped around a cone

fieldwork/field observations

the act of an individual physically visiting a location or place and recording firsthand information there

Geospatial technologies purpose

are utilized by businesses, organizations, individuals and government agencies to make decisions.

Geographic information systems

Computer system/software that stores, analyzes, and displays information from multiple digital maps or data sets.

Remote Sensing

The use of cameras or other sensors mounted on aircraft or satellites which orbit the earth above the atmosphere to collect digital images of the earth’s surface. Examples

toponym

locations name, ushally reflective of the culture and history of a place

site

enviormental features of a location, includes climate, water sources, topographs, soil, vegetation, elevation (DESCRIBE IT!!!)

situation

describes a places location in relation to other places surrounding it. Relative location, relationship woth other places, polotical, economic, and cultural context

Sense of Place

Factors that contribute to the uniqueness of a location.

Cultural Landscape/Built Environment

Physical artifacts that humans created which make up the landscape. Human produced.

Placelessness

A location without a sense of place. No distinct attributes.

Physical characteristics

animal life, climate, and vegetation.

Human characteristics

all aspects of culture including language, religion, density of population, things built and political ideals.

distance decay

The interaction between two places declines as the distance between the two places increases.

Time-Space Compression

The increasing sense of accessibility and connectivity which seems to bring humans in distance places closer together. smaller time space compression, faster that things travel

enviormental determinism

The belief that climate and landforms are the most powerful forces shaping human behavior and societal/cultural development. 

possibilism

Acknowledges the limitations imposed by the natural environment, but focuses on the role of human culture to modify and respond to the environment to better fit human needs. 

Small scale maps:

show LARGE area with SMALL amounts of data. Zoomed OUT. BIG # on map. 

Large scale maps:

show SMALL area with LARGE amounts of data. Zoomed IN. Small # on map. 

Scale of Analysis-

It’s the lens through which geographers view a geographic area to study its relationships with other places and identify meaningful information.

Region

An area on Earth defined by one or more unifying characteristics (physical or human) or patterns of activity.

Formal / Uniform Region

An area united by one or more specific traits (economic, social, political, or environmental). Example

Functional / Nodal Region

An area organized around a central node or focal point, defined by activity, communication, or economics. Example

Perceptual / Vernacular Region

An area defined by people’s perception or cultural identity. Example

Regionalism

Strong identification with a particular region. Example

Regional analysis

Studying a region at multiple scales (global, national, local) to reveal different patterns or interpretations.

Online mapping and visualization

Compilation and publication of data on websites in the form of maps or visuals (ex

Spatial information from written accounts

Data that comes from field observations, media reports, travel narratives, policy documents, personal interviews, landscape analysis, and photographic evidence.

Geographic data

Information that identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on Earth, both natural and constructed.

Geospatial and geographical data at different scales

Data can be used at personal, business, and governmental scales to make decisions.

Space (geography)

A relational concept that acquires meaning when connected with other concepts; geographers study phenomena across space.

Place

An area on the Earth with distinguishing human and physical characteristics — “space with meaning.”

Pattern

The arrangement of objects on Earth, including the space between them.

Human characteristics

Aspects of culture such as language, religion, population density, and political systems.

Movement (geography)

Describes the ways in which people, goods, and ideas move from place to place.

Flows (geography)

The steady movement of people, goods, or ideas, such as migration.

Globalization

The process of increased interconnectedness among countries in economics, politics, and culture.

Network

A system of interconnected people or things, such as transportation, communication, or finance systems.

Sustainability

Using resources in a way that meets current needs without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Natural resources

Materials found in nature that are necessary or useful to humans (ex

Land use

The function of land, such as agricultural, commercial, residential, transportation, or recreational.

Time-space convergence

The accelerated movement of goods, ideas, and people made possible by 20th-century technology (ex

Regional boundaries

Boundaries that are transitional, contested, and overlapping (ex

Regional analysis

Studying regions at multiple scales — global, national, and local — to reveal different patterns.

Primary

Extraction of raw materials (mining, farming).

Secondary

Processing and manufacturing raw materials (factories).

Tertiary

Service sector (retail, trade, restaurants).

Quaternary

Knowledge-based sector (education, banking, research).

Quinary

High-level decision-making (CEOs, government officials).