A&P Exam 1

Serous membranes line certain cavities within the

ventral cavities

patients are always examined while they are standing in the anatomical position

false

what major organs are housed in the thoracic cavity

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea

What smaller cavity within the thoracic cavity houses the heart, great blood vessels, esophagus, and trachea

mediastinum

the smallest level of organization in the human body is the cellular level

false

what organs are covered by the pleura

lungs

What promotes stability by taking the body back to a set point or homeostasis

negative feedback

a person in the anatomical position is visualized to be

standing upright

Dr. Mitchell performs open heart surgery. The incision he makes through the sternal region of his patient divides the thoracic cavity into equal left and right parts. This incision must be made along a

midsagittal (median) plane

The skeletal muscles are ____ to the skin

deep

a person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides, palms facing forward is in the

anatomical position

serous fluid lubricates around organs and reduces friction as the organ moves against adjacent structures

true

negative feedback loops produce responses in the opposite direction of the initial stimulus while positive feedback loops produce responses in the same direction of the initial stimulus

true

what part of a feedback loop causes physiological responses to return the variable to the normal homeostatic range

effector

the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment is termed

homeostasis

ionic bonds result from

the transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom

two types of active transport via vesicles are

endocytosis and exocytosis

what describes enzyme function

enzymes speed chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

what is the building block of a lipid

fatty acid

the formation of a cation an anion is indicative of a

ionic bond

strongest acidic solution

pH 1

during which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separated when the mitotic spindle fibers shorten

anaphase

what describes a cell’s response to being placed into an extracellular solution that is hypertonic to the cytosol

crenation

what is transported across a membrane during osmosis

water

four most common elements, comprising 96% of the body’s mass are

oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon

muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP to function. Therefore, muscle cells have numerous

mitochondria

programmed cell death is called

apoptosis

where does protein synthesis occur

ribosomes

tightly coiled DNA molecules present during cell division are known as

chromosomes

what type of reaction releases energy

exergonic reaction

what type of bond is responsible for the surface tension of water

hydrogen bond

the main structural component of cell membranes is

phospholipids

correct order sequence of most complex for levels of structural organization of the human body

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

A

Frontal (forehead)

B

Mental (Chin)

C

Otic

D

Buccal

E

acromial

F

axillary

G

Brachial

H

antecubital

I

antibrachial

J

carpal

K

coxal

L

femoral

M

crural

N

tarsal

A

cranial

B

vertebral

C

thoracic

D

diaphragm

E

abdominopelvic

F

right pelural

G

left pelura

H

mediastinum

I

pericardial

J

abdominal

K

pelvic

medial

G

lateral

H

inferior (caudal)

D

posterior (dorsal)

C

Inferior (caudal)

D

K

superficial

L

deep

Cells found associated with connective tissue proper that ingest foreign substances, microorganisms, and dead and damaged cells are

phagocytes

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as

endocrine system

what fibers are common in this tissue

both elastic and some collagen

the tissue pictured in this figure is

composed of a single layer of columnar cells appearing stratified

what is the inner part of a serous membrane that covers the lungs

visceral pleura

what protein makes stratified epithelial tissues tough and resistant to friction

keratin

which type of epithelia is mismatched with its function

transitional epithelium-aborption

what is a mature cartilage cell that resides within a small cavity in the ECM called lacunae

chondrocytes

a serous membrane contains a superficial layer of epithelial tissue and a deeper layer of connective tissue. Thus, serous membranes are classified as

organs

what provides a hard, continuous surface for the epidermis of the cutaneous membrane

keratin

Cells that generate, conduct, and receive electrical messages are:

neurons

What is constructed of elastic cartilage?

external ear

How are epithelial tissues classified?

epithelium is classified by the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells

which unicellular gland is responsible for mucus secretion

goblet cell

connective tissues proper (or general connective tissues) produce collagen fibers using cells known as

fibroblasts

what describes epithelial tissue

paracellular or transcellular transport moves substances between or across simple epithelia

what epithelia can be keratinized

stratified squamous epithelium

name this tissue

cardiac muscle tissue

Bone, or osseous, tissue provides protection for our vital organs since the inorganic ground substance is:

calcium phosphate crystals

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to:

bone

what is composed of multiple layers of cells

transitional epithelium

why are damaged neurons usually not replaced

neurons are amitotic

what type of epithelium secretes digestive enzymes

simple columnar epithelium

where is simple columnar epithelium located

lining of the small intestine

What lubricates movable joints such as the hip, knee, and elbow?

synovial fluid

Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue proper?

hyaline cartilage

Simple squamous epithelium is found lining the:

air sacs of the lungs

Striated, multinucleate cells are commonly found in:

skeletal muscle tissue

What statement best describes dense regular collagenous connective tissue?

dense regular collagenous connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments

The ECM of blood is known as:

plasma

Which organ system is lined by transitional epithelium to accommodate stretching?

urinary system

Which of the following is NOT a location of reticular tissue?

tendons

Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles are situated in this skin layer

B

Extreme stretching of the reticular layer of the dermis results in tension, or cleavage, lines.

false

What tissue composes the reticular layer of the dermis?

dense irregular connective tissue that