ATI TEAS7 - science (biology) cumulative

Which of the following structures processes & exports proteins from the cell?

A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C) Ribosomes

D) Golgi apparatus

D) Golgi apparatus

Proteins are sent from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus for tagging & then they are exported from the cell.

Which of the following is true about diffusion?

A) The concentration of solvent does not become equal on both sides of the membrane.

B) Diffusion can occur in any medium, whether it is liquid, solid, or gas.

C) Diffusion requires only a semipermeable membrane.

D) Diffusion depends solely on the solute potential.

B) Diffusion can occur in any medium, whether it is liquid, solid, or gas.

Which of the following is the structure that is made up of DNA & proteins inside cells?

A) Histone

B) Nucleotides

C) Chromosome

D) Nitrogen base

C) Chromosome

A chromosome is a structure that holds genetic information & is made up of DNA & proteins.

Which of the following options distinguishes the active & passive transport mechanisms?

A) Active transport: Lower to Higher concentration; Passive transport: Higher to lower concentration

B) Active transport: Lower to Higher concentration; Passive transport: Lower to Higher concentration

C) Active transport: Higher to Lower concentration; Passive transport: Higher to lower concentration

D) Active transport: Higher to lower concentration; Passive transport: Lower to Higher concentration

A) Active transport: Lower to Higher concentration; Passive transport: Higher to lower concentration

Active & passive transport are two different types of transport mechanisms. Active transport allows the movement of molecules from a region of lower to a region of higher concentration. However, passive transport involves the movement of molecules from higher to lower concentrations region.

*Which of the following statements shows the difference between mechanisms of active & passive transport across the semi-permeable membrane?

A) In both active & passive transport mechanisms, molecules can move without the input energy.

B) In active transport, input energy is required for molecules to move, whereas in passive transport molecules can move without input energy.

C) In active transport, chemical energy is utilized for the movement of molecules, whereas in passive transport molecules use electrochemical gradient.

D) In active transport, electrochemical gradient is used for the movement of molecules, whereas in passive transport chemical energy is utilized.

B) In active transport, input energy is required for molecules to move, whereas in passive transport molecules can move without input energy.

Cells use various transport mechanisms for the movement of molecules from one place to another. They require input energy in an active transport mechanism to move molecules against their concentration gradient. However, cells use passive transport mechanisms to transport molecules along their concentration gradient without any input energy.

*Which of the following options show the correct pair of transport mechanism & its example?

A) Active transport mechanism: Uptake of minerals through root hairs from soil Passive transport mechanism: Oxygen absorption by blood from air sacs of lungs

B) Active transport mechanism: Oxygen absorption by blood from air sacs of lungs Passive transport mechanism: Uptake of minerals through root hairs from soil

C) Passive transport mechanism: Uptake of minerals through root hairs from soil Passive transport mechanism: Oxygen absorption by blood from air sacs of lungs

D) Active transport mechanism: Uptake of minerals through root hairs from soil Active transport mechanism: Oxygen absorption by blood from air sacs of lungs

A) Active transport mechanism: Uptake of minerals through root hairs from soil Passive transport mechanism: Oxygen absorption by blood from air sacs of lungs

The concentration of minerals is higher in soil than in root hair. During this transport, root hair utilizes energy obtained through cellular respiration & absorbs minerals against their concentration gradient. Thus, it is an example of active transport. The concentration of oxygen is higher in air sacs than in blood. During this transport, the blood absorbs oxygen along its concentration gradient without using energy. Thus, this is an example of passive transport.

DNA duplication occurs when one strand of DNA is used to create another strand by matching up nucleotides based on nitrogenous bases. In order to duplicate DNA, several events must happen.

Which of the following would be the final event in the process of preparing DNA for duplication?

A) Unraveling of a chromosome

B) Cell division

C) Breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen base pairs

D) Gene expression

C) Breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen base pairs

In order to make a new strand of DNA, the double strand of DNA must be divided into a single strand. This requires the breaking of hydrogen bonds between nitrogen base pairs, such as adenine & thymine.

Which of the following is contained within a chromosome & guides the production of proteins?

A) Hydrogen bond

B) Phosphate group

C) Nucleotide

D) Gene

D) Gene

A gene is part of a chromosome that guides the production of proteins.

*Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between mitosis & meiosis?

A) Mitosis leads to the production of somatic cells as they are haploid, while meiosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are diploid.

B) Mitosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are haploid, while meiosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are diploid.

C) Mitosis leads to the production of somatic cells as they are diploid, while meiosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are haploid.

D) Mitosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are diploid, while meiosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are haploid.

C) Mitosis leads to the production of somatic cells as they are diploid, while meiosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are haploid.\

Which of the following options shows the correct pair of process & its event?

A) Mitosis: Chromosome number doubles in the daughter cells

B) Meiosis: Chromosome number doubles in the daughter cells

C) Mitosis: Chromosome number reduces to half in the daughter cells

D) Meiosis: Chromosome number reduces to half in the daughter cells

D) Meiosis: Chromosome number reduces to half in the daughter cells

*The process of meiosis leads to the production of haploid daughter cells. The cells that receive the chromosomes from only one of the parents are called the haploid cells. This indicates that the chromosome number gets reduced to half during meiosis.

Which of the following microscopes can reach up to a maximum magnification of 1000x?

A) Simple Microscope

B) Compound Microscope

C) Scanning Electron Microscope

D) Transmission Electron Microscope

B) Compound Microscope

Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) use transmitted electrons to analyze the internal structure of a specimen. These microscopes can reach up to a maximum magnification of about 50,000,000x.

Which of the following microorganisms is responsible for causing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)?

A) Bacteria

B) Fungi

C) Protozoa

D) Viruses

D) Viruses

*AIDS is a life-threatening disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This pathogenic virus can be transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person through unprotected sex or through blood transfusion.

A doctor examined a patient & observed the following symptoms: a fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, & chest discomfort. Based on the symptoms, the doctor concluded that the person was suffering from a bacterial infection, anthrax. Which of the following microorganisms is responsible for causing this infectious disease?

A) Bacillus anthracis

B) Giardia lamblia

C) Plasmodium

D) Salmonella typhi

A) Bacillus anthracis

*Bacillus anthracis is an infectious bacterium that causes the disease anthrax. This bacterium is found inside the soil. It enters the host's body in the form of spores. The spores get activated after entering the host's body & start multiplying rapidly to increase their population.

Which of the following is the function of the carbohydrate glycogen?

A) Glycogen is used to strengthen the structure of cells.

B) Glycogen stores energy.

C) Glycogen breaks down glucose.

D) Glycogen acts as a recognition molecule.

B) Glycogen stores energy.

Once broken down into glucose molecules, the cells of the body can use this to make ATP.

Monohybrid inheritance depends on the presence of two alleles showing a simple dominant-recessive relationship. In the case of this inheritance of one gene with two alleles, the F2 generation is analyzed & shows a ratio of 3:1 dominant:recessive phenotypic ratio.

Which of the following is the phenotype of the F1 plant.

A) Recessive-heterozygous

B) Dominant-homozygous

C) Dominant-heterozygous

D) Recessive-homozygous

C) Dominant-heterozygous

Which of the following defines activation energy?

A) Something that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not changed in the process.

B) A chemical reaction that requires energy to occur.

C) The energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction.

D) The reactant in a chemical reaction.

C) The energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction.

The activation energy of a particular reaction determines the rate at which it will proceed. The higher the activation energy, the slower the chemical reaction will be.

Down syndrome results when abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs. Which of the following options correctly indicates how the errors in meiosis result in Down syndrome?

A) Disjunction during meiosis results in Down syndrome.

B) Non-disjunction during meiosis results in Down syndrome.

C) Disjunction during meiosis causes monosomy results in Down syndrome.

D) Disjunction during meiosis results in Down syndrome.

B) Non-disjunction during meiosis results in Down syndrome.

Which of the following options shows the correct pair of polar & non-polar macromolecules, respectively?

A) Carbohydrates & lipids

B) Lipids & carbohydrates

C) Lipids & proteins

D) Lipids & nucleic acids

A) Carbohydrates & lipids

All carbohydrates have hydroxy groups (-OH) in their structures. Thereforre, they are polar in nature. Lipids only have non-polar carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Therefore, lipids are non-polar compounds.

Which of the following statements correctly distinguish the bacteria & the viruses? (Select all that apply.)

A) Bacteria have a cell wall, while viruses lack a cell wall.

B) Bacteria have ribosomes, while viruses lack ribosomes.

C) Bacteria are larger in size, while viruses are smaller in size.

D) Bacteria lack a nuclear membrane, while viruses have a well-defined nuclear membrane.

E) Bacteria are multicellular living organisms, while viruses are unicellular living organisms.

A, B, C

Which of the following diseases can be transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person? (Select all that apply.)

A) Cataract

B) Herpes

C) Osteoarthritis

D) Rubella

E) Trichomoniasis

B, D, E

Which of the following infectious diseases are caused by bacteria? (Select all that apply.)

A) Chlamydia

B) Gonorrhea

C) Measles

D) Mumps

E) Leptospirosis

A, B, E

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a cellular organelle with its function?

A) Golgi apparatus-protein synthesis

B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum-energy production

C) Cytoskeleton-movement

D) Cell membrane-storage

C) Cytoskeleton-movement

*The cytoskeleton acts as a cell's "bones & muscles" by furnishing an internal framework that determines cell shape, supports other organelles, & provides the machinery for intracellular transport & various types of cellular movement.

Which of the following is the most probably cause of walking pneumonia?

A) Mycobacterium

B) Gene mutation

C) Fungus

D) Mycoplasma infection

D) Mycoplasma infection

*Mycoplasmas are bacteria lacking cell walls. They infect upper & lower respiratory tract cells & replicate within them.

A mutation to a cell's DNA is made at some point in time. Which of the following explains how this would affect other cells?

A) The mutation would spread to the cells found in the same tissue because they are close together.

B) The mutation would spread to new daughter cells of the cell that was mutated.

C) The mutation would spread to new daughter cells & cells found in the same tissue.

D) The mutation would not spread because the replicated pieces of DNA would not have the mutation.

B) The mutation would spread to new daughter cells of the cell that was mutated.

The mutation would be copied & spread to new daughter cells of the cell that had the mutation because this cell's DNA is used to make new copies.

A monohybrid cross of a plant with an unknown genotype is carried out with a homozygous recessive plant. The offspring shows a 1:1 distribution of dominant:recessive phenotype. Which of the following is true of the unknown plant?

A) Homozygous recessive

B) Heterozygous

C) Homozygous dominant

D) Showing non-Mendelian inheritance

B) Heterozygous

A heterozygous plant with one dominant & one recessive allele would produce gametes with either one dominant or one recessive allele. Crossed to a homozygous recessive plant whose gametes are all recessive, this would yield 50% dominant phenotype & 50% recessive phenotype.

Monohybrid inheritance depends on the presence of two alleles showing a simple dominant-recessive relationship. In the case of this inheritance of one gene with two alleles, the F2 generation is analyzed and shows a ratio of 3: 1 dominant: recessive phenotypic ratio.

Which of the following is the phenotype of the F1 plant?

A) Recessive-heterozygous

B) Dominant-homozygous

C) Dominant-heterozygous

D) Recessive-homozygous

C) Dominant-heterozygous

Which of the following options describe the relationship between the structures of DNA & chromosomes?

A) Each cell contains DNA molecules & chromosomes arranged separately inside the nucleus.

B) Each cell has DNA molecules arranged outside the nucleus & chromosomes arranged inside the nucleus.

C) Each cell contains DNA molecules that are packed in the form of chromosomes inside the nucleus.

D) Each cell contains chromosomes that are packed in the form of DNA inside the nucleus.

C) Each cell contains DNA molecules that are packed in the form of chromosomes inside the nucleus.

Which of the following cell organelles contain DNA? (Select all that apply.)

A) Endoplasmic reticulum

B) Chloroplast

C) Mitochondrion

D) Nucleus

E) Ribosome

B, C, D

Which of the following options indicate the functions of the cytoskeleton of the cell? (Select all that apply.)

A) Site of photosynthesis

B) Cell shape determination

C) Participation in cell division

D) Generation of cellular energy

E) Formation of the structural framework of the cell

C & E

Which of the following is the cause of a mycosis?

A) Coronavirus

B) Mycobacterium

C) Gene mutation

D) Fungus

D) Fungus

*Mycosis is a fungal disease. The prefix "myco-" is used in relation to fungus & is applicable to a variety of types of fungi that infect a variety of lung tissue.

Which of the following is contained within a chromosome & guides the production of proteins?

A) Hydrogen bond

B) Phosphate bond

C) Nucleotide

D) Gene

D) Gene

*A gene is part of a chromosome that guides the production of proteins.

Which of the following options shows the correct pair of process & its event?

A) Mitosis: Chromosome number doubles in the daughter cells

B) Meiosis: Chromosome number doubles in the daughter cells

C) Mitosis: Chromosome number reduces to half in the daughter cells

D) Meiosis: Chromosome number reduces to half in the daughter cells

D) Meiosis: Chromosome number reduces to half in the daughter cells

The process of meiosis leads to the production of haploid daughter cells. The cells that receive the chromosomes from only one of the parents are called the haploid cells. This indicates that the chromosome number gets reduced to half during meiosis.

*Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between mitosis & meiosis?

A) Mitosis leads to the production of somatic cells as they are haploid, while meiosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are diploid.

B) Mitosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are haploid, while meiosis leads to the production of somatic cells as they are diploid.

C) Mitosis leads to the production of somatic cells as they are diploid, while meiosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are haploid.

D) Mitosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are diploid, while meiosis leads to the production of somatic cells as they are haploid.

C) Mitosis leads to the production of somatic cells as they are diploid, while meiosis leads to the production of germ cells as they are haploid.

Which of the following represents the highest biological level of organization of an organism?

A) Cell

B) Tissue

C) Organ

D) Organ system

D) Organ system

A student viewed an onion slide under the microscope & observed a rigid layer present outside the cells. Which of the following option correctly identifies this structure?

A) Cell membrane

B) Cell wall

C) Cytoplasm

D) Nucleus

B) Cell wall

The rigid layer present outside the plant cells is called the cell wall. It lies outside the cell membrane & provides shape as well as protection to the cell. It is not observed in animal cells.

Down syndrome results when abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs. Which of the following options correctly indicates how the errors in meiosis result in Down syndrome?

A) Disjunction during meiosis results in Down syndrome.

B) Non-disjunction during meiosis results in Down syndrome.

C) Disjunction during meiosis causes monosomy that results in Down syndrome.

D) Non-disjunction during meiosis between non-homologous chromosomes causes Down syndrome.

B) Non-disjunction during meiosis results in Down syndrome.

Which of the following options describes a reason for genetic variation during meiosis?

A) Change in DNA sequence due to an error during cell division

B) Change in protein sequence due to an error during cell division

C) Introduction of new genes into a population due to environmental factors

D) Production of different gene combinations in gametes during sexual reproduction

D) Production of different gene combinations in gametes during sexual reproduction

Which of the following mechanisms of meiosis is responsible for genetic variation?

A) Chromosome condensation

B) Crossing over of chromosomes

C) DNA duplication

D) Process of cytokinesis

B) Crossing over of chromosomes

Tay-Sachs disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Which of the following statements is true about the inheritance of this disorder?

A) It can be seen in every generation of a family.

B) It has female members of the family as carriers.

C) It has both parents of an affected person as carriers.

D) It has one of the parents of an affected person as a carrier.

C) It has both parents of an affected person as carriers.

Curly hair is a dominant trait over straight hair.

Which of the following indicates the change that two parents who are heterozygous for curly hair will have an offspring with straight hair?

A) 0%

B) 25%

C) 50%

D) 75%

B) 25%

Which of the following cell components is a gel-like substance containing different salts, water, & proteins?

A) Cell membrane

B) Cell wall

C) Cytoplasm

D) Nucleus

C) Cytoplasm

A doctor examined a patient and observed the following symptoms: a fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, & chest discomfort. Based on the symptoms, the doctor concluded that the person was suffering from a bacterial infection, anthrax.

Which of the following microorganisms is responsible for causing this infectious disease?

A) Bacillus anthracis

B) Giardia lamblia

C) Plasmodium

D) Salmonella typhi

A) Bacillus anthracis

Which of the following microorganisms has an outer cell wall that contains chitin?

A) Bacterium

B) Fungi

C) Protozoan

D) Viruses

B) Fungi