A&P II - Concepts – Digestive and Urinary Systems

Flashcards about the digestive and urinary systems.

What does amylase break down?

Carbohydrates (starches into sugar)

What does lipase break down?

Fats (triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides)

What do proteases break down?

Proteins (into amino acids or smaller peptides)

What do nucleases break down?

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA into nucleotides)

From which two blood vessels does the liver get its blood?

Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

What does the hepatic artery deliver to the liver?

Oxygenated blood from the general circulation

What does the hepatic portal vein deliver to the liver?

Deoxygenated blood from the small intestine containing nutrients

Give one benefit of having microbiota in the large intestine.

Aids in the digestion of food, complex carbohydrates that the body can't break down on its own.

Name three pressures (forces) acting on the glomerular bed.

Blood hydrostatic pressure, capsular hydrostatic pressure, and blood colloid osmotic pressure

What does a Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) test check for?

Kidney disease by measuring how much blood your kidneys filter each minute

If the glomerular hydrostatic pressure increases, how does this affect the glomerular filtration rate?

Increases

Describe tubular reabsorption.

The process where the nephron removes water and solutes from the tubular fluid and returns them to the bloodstream.

Describe tubular secretion.

The process where substances are transported from the blood into the kidney tubules.

True or False: Blood plasma is much more concentrated than urine.

False

Name one substance that acts as a diuretic.

Caffeine

Do diuretics increase or decrease urine output?

Increase