Industrialization, Urbanization, and Native American Policies: Key Concepts and Reform Movements

Industrialization

Manufacturing of goods.

Urbanization

The process of turning an area more urban (city-like).

Factories

Had harsh working conditions, new technology, and were created by corporations.

Immigrants

24 million ____________ built the economy during industrialization.

Railroads

Built to improve long-distance transportation across the country.

Cattle Drives

The process of moving a large herd of cattle over long distances, typically carried out by cowboys on horseback.

Pollution

Prominent in factories and cities, which were filled with trash and poor air quality.

The American Dream

The ideal that equality of opportunity is available to all Americans, allowing anyone to achieve their highest goals and aspirations.

Economic opportunities

attracting other people and working in factories.

Settlement Houses

an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community.

Jane Addams

a social reformer and the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize for her work at Hull House and as a pacifist.

Hull House

a place where immigrants of diverse communities gathered to learn, eat, debate, and acquire the tools necessary to put down roots in their new country.

Community Center

a center where people from a particular neighborhood can meet for social events, education classes, or recreational activities.

The Muckrakers

Reform-minded journalists who exposed corruption and societal problems in the early 1900s.

Upton Sinclair

A muckraker who exposed the meatpacking industry's unsanitary conditions.

The Jungle

a novel written by Upton Sinclair that revealed how meat was packaged and sold even when rotten or expired, exposing filthy and unsafe factory conditions.

Trail of tears

The federal government forced Native Americans to leave their homelands and walk hundreds of miles to a specially designated "Indian territory" across the Mississippi River

Manifest Destiny

A phrase coined in 1845, is the idea that god destines the US, its advocates believed to expand its dominion. They spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent.

Boarding School movement

Forcibly separated Native American children from their parents "kill the Indian in him, and save the man." 523 Boarding Schools in the U.S, 13 Boarding Schools in California.

The Dawes Act

Decreased the land owned by Native Americans by more than half and opened even more land to white settlers and railroads.