Apush : Unit 3 & 4

exam prep

French & Indian War

1754-1763 conflict that was part of the Seven Years' War.

Proclamation of 1763

A decree that prohibited settlement west of the Appalachians.

Stamp Act

A direct tax imposed in 1765 that sparked colonial protests.

Boston Massacre

A 1770 incident where British troops fired on colonists.

Boston Tea Party

A 1773 protest against the Tea Act.

Intolerable Acts

A series of laws passed in 1774 as punishment for the Boston Tea Party.

Revolutionary War

The conflict from 1775 to 1783 between the American colonies and Britain.

Declaration of Independence

The document adopted in 1776 declaring the colonies' independence from Britain.

Articles of Confederation

The first governing document of the United States, ratified in 1781.

Constitutional Convention

The 1787 meeting to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

George Washington

Became the 1st president of the United States in 1789.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791.

Alien & Sedition Acts

Laws passed in 1798 that restricted immigration and limited speech.

British war debt

The financial burden after the French & Indian War that led to raised taxes.

Enlightenment ideas

Philosophical concepts, notably by John Locke, emphasizing natural rights.

No taxation without representation

A slogan reflecting the lack of colonial representation in Parliament.

Townshend Acts

A series of indirect taxes imposed in 1767 that led to protests.

Tea Act

A law passed in 1773 that granted a monopoly to the British East India Company.

Great Compromise

An agreement during the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral Congress.

3/5 Compromise

A formula for counting slaves as 3/5 of a person for representation purposes.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the Constitution who demanded a Bill of Rights.

Federalists

Supporters of the Constitution, including Hamilton and Madison.

Washington's Presidency (1789-1797)

Period during which Washington warned against political parties and foreign alliances in his Farewell Address.

Whiskey Rebellion

An event that demonstrated the power of the new federal government.

Adams' Presidency (1797-1801)

Characterized by the Alien & Sedition Acts which targeted immigrants and critics.

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

Responses to the Alien & Sedition Acts that led to the nullification debate.

Republicanism

A political ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.

Sons of Liberty

A group formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government.

Common Sense

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for independence from Britain.

Declaration of Independence

The document declaring the thirteen American colonies independent from British rule.

Articles of Confederation

The first constitution of the United States, which created a weak federal government.

Federalism

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing individual rights.

Washington's Farewell Address

A letter written by George Washington advising against political parties and foreign alliances.

Revolution of 1800

The election of Jefferson that marked a peaceful transfer of power.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition that doubled the size of the United States.

Marbury v. Madison

The 1803 case that established the principle of judicial review.

War of 1812

Conflict fought between the United States and Britain from 1812 to 1815.

Missouri Compromise

The 1820 agreement that balanced free and slave states but highlighted sectional tensions.

Monroe Doctrine

The 1823 policy warning European nations to stay out of the Americas.

Jacksonian Democracy

A political movement that expanded suffrage to more white men and challenged elite power.

Indian Removal Act

The 1830 law that authorized the removal of Native Americans from their lands.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Native Americans in the 1830s, resulting in significant suffering and death.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that Americans were destined to expand westward across the continent.