The separation of cytoplasm into distinct compartments due to the presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells.
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Membrane-bound organelles
Organelles in eukaryotic cells that are surrounded by a membrane, including mitochondria, nucleus, and chloroplasts.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
A network of tubular structures in the cytoplasm that divides the intracellular space into distinct compartments and plays a role in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detoxification.
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Golgi body
An organelle responsible for the formation and packaging of glycoproteins and glycolipids, found in secretory cells.
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Lysosome
Membrane-bound vesicular structures filled with hydrolytic enzymes that help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
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Mitochondria
Double-membrane bound organelles that generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell, and are involved in various cellular reactions.
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Chloroplast
Double-membrane bound organelles found only in plant cells, responsible for photosynthesis and containing chlorophyll pigment.
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Vacuole
A single membrane-bound structure found in plant cells that occupies a large volume and contains secretory and waste materials.
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Nucleus
Double membrane-bound structure containing the genetic material DNA and responsible for maintaining hereditary relations across generations.
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Endosymbiotic theory
The theory that eukaryotic cells originated from the engulfment of prokaryotes, leading to the development of organelles such as mitochondria.
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Gated transport
The movement of proteins and RNA molecules between the cytosol and the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes in the nuclear envelope
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