LECTURE NOTES - Chapter 15

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A disorder characterized by difficulty concentrating, sustaining attention, and managing activity levels.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

A disorder marked by disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior towards authority figures.

Conduct disorder (CD)

A more severe disorder than ODD, characterized by aggressive behavior towards people and animals, deceitfulness, and serious rule violations.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

A controversial disorder in the DSM-5, marked by persistent irritability and severe temper outbursts.

Specific learning disorders

Inadequate development in specific areas of academic, language, speech, or motor skills, not due to other disabilities.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication, limited imaginative play, and repetitive behaviors.

Separation anxiety disorder

A disorder characterized by unrealistic fears of separation from attachment figures and excessive worry about harm to them.

Social phobia

A disorder marked by significant anxiety in social situations, often leading to avoidance of interactions.

Comorbidity

The presence of more than one disorder in an individual, frequently seen in disorders like ADHD and ODD.

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A group of disorders that affect the development of the nervous system, including ADHD and ASD.

Dyslexia

A specific learning disorder that involves difficulty with word recognition and reading comprehension.

Dyscalculia

A specific learning disorder that involves difficulties in performing arithmetic and understanding numerical concepts.

Dysgraphia

A specific learning disorder involving difficulty in composing written work and handwriting.

Behavioral interventions

Treatment strategies that use reinforcement and modified behavior approaches to alter behaviors in children.

Operant conditioning

A learning principle in behavioral therapy where behavior is modified through reinforcement or punishment.

Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI)

An effective treatment for ASD that uses modeling and operant conditioning, delivered intensively at a young age.

Genetic predisposition

An inherited tendency to develop certain conditions or behaviors, important in understanding ADHD.

Helicopter parenting style

An intrusive parenting style that may contribute to anxiety disorders in children by fostering fear of the outside world.