Anatomy Section 2 Chemistry

What is the study of structure and interactions of matter?

chemistry

The human body is composed of what? All of the human body activities are what in nature?

chemicals, chemistry

What form of chemistry will help to explain physiological and disease processes?

biochemistry

What is a substance that cannot be split into simple substance by ordinary means?

element

How many naturally occurring elements are there? How many are found in the human body?

98, 26

What are elements that are needed in larger amounts by the body called? What are some examples of these elements?

major (bulk) elements, O, C, H, N, Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl, Mg, Fe

What are the elements that are needed in smaller amounts by the body called? What are some examples of these?

trace elements, Al, B, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Si, Sn, V, Zn

What are the smallest particles of an element that have properties of that element?

atoms

What is the center/core portion of the element?

nucleus

What is the portion of the element around the core?

electron shells

What are atoms that have different numbers of neutrons (atomic weight) than the most common number?

isotopes

What will determine if an element is reactive or not?

electrons

What 3 three things can happen if an element is reactive?

1. gain electrons

2. lose electrons

3. share electrons

What type of chemical bond occurs when ions of opposite charges come together?

ionic bonds

What type of chemical bond occurs when atoms share valence electrons?

covalent bonds

What type of chemical bond occurs between partial positive and negative charges of covalent bonds?

hydrogen bonds

When will chemical reactions occur?

when new bonds form or existing bonds break

What is total sum of all chemical reactions that take place within the body?

metabolism

What type of reactions release more energy than they absorb?

exergonic reactions

What type of reactions absorbs more energy than they release?

endergonic reactions

What is the energy required to activate a chemical reaction?

activation energy

What 3 things influence activation energy?

1. water intake

2. temperature

3. catalysts (enzymes)

Using A and B as reactants, write a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

A + B → AB

Using A and B as reactants, write a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

AB → A + B

Using A and B as reactants, write an exchange reaction?

AB + CD → AD +CB

Using A and B as reactants, write a reversible reaction?

A + B ←→ AB

Inorganic compounds lack what?

carbon

What are 4 inorganic compounds and give a brief explanation of what they are?

1. water - 2/3 of an adult’s lean body mass

2. acids - have excess hydrogen ions (H+)

3. bases - have excess hydroxide ions (OH-)

4. salts - breaks down into other ions that are not H+ or OH-

What 2 things do organic molecules contain?

carbon and hydrogen

What 4 organic molecules and name the building blocks of each?

1. Carbohydrates - simple sugars

2. Lipids - fatty acids and glycerol

3. Proteins - amino acids

4. Nucleic acids - nucleotides