skin PALM 750

benign localized hyperplasia of melanocytes that do not darken when exposed to sunlight

lentigo

tan brown flat macule consisting of nests of round cells along the dermoepidermal junction with no mitotic activity

junctional nevi

tan brown slightly elevated papule consisting of nests or cords growing into underlying dermis

compound nevi

small, produces little to no pigment, undergoes neurotization, grows in fascicles resembling neural tissue

intradermal nevus

this lesion has mutations in NRAS and BRAF genes, is not a precursor to melanoma unless multiple, are fat macule with pebbly surface or target like lesion on sun exposed and protected body surfaces

dysplastic nevi

what lesion is lentiginous hyperplasia and linear fibrosis of the rate ridges displayed with?

dysplastic nevi

this is an indolent lesion on the face of older men and associated with a long period in radial melanoma growth phase

lentigo maligna

what is the term for depth of invasion in regards to probability of melanoma metastasis

breslow thickness

this lesion has mutations of FGFR3, appears like a melanoma but differs in the fact that you can see a pore like Ostia impacted with keratin upon inspection

seborrheic keratoses

what are the four common histological findings in seborrheic keratoses

hyperkeratosis, invagination cysts, horn cysts, eddy currents

this is a hyperpigmented velvet like lesion with FGFR3 mutation and strong associations with endocrine disorders or go adenocarcinoma

acanthosis nigricans

this soft flesh colored bag like lesion may be associated with diabetes, obesity, intestinal polyposis, or pregnancy

fibroepithelial polyp

this lesion commonly involves and coalesces on the forehead and scalp, and contains islands of basal cells with ducts fitting together like a jigsaw

cylindroma

this lesion has paranasal papule and nodules and is the proliferation of basaloid cells resembling primitive hair follicles

trichoepithelioma

this lesion can be associated with lynch syndrome and muir Torre syndrome, is the lobular proliferation of sebocytes with bubbly cytoplasm

sebaceous adenoma

this lesion is associated with CTNNB1 mutation, tumor with hair follicle differentiation and can have enucleate ghost cells

pilomatrixoma

this tumor arises in apocrine gland areas and displays ductal differentiation with decapitation secretion of epithelial cells with an infiltrative pattern

apocrine carcinoma

precursor lesion to squamous cell carcinoma occurring in sun damaged skin with a cutaneous horn of keratin

actinic keratosis

what are some main histological features of actinic keratosis?

elastosis, parakeratosis, intercellular bridges, atypical basal cells

this carcinoma is sharply defined, red, scaling, involves all layers of the dermis but does not invade dermoepidermal junction

SCC in situ

this lesion is nodular with variable keratin and may ulcerate, atypical cells invade into dermis

invasive scc

this lesion has mutations in hedgehog signaling, palisading nuclei at the periphery in nodular growth with stromal retraction , telangiectasis, etc.

basal cell carcinoma

this skin carcinoma is rare but very aggressive, associated with MCV, occurs in immunosuppressed or sun damaged older patients, resembles neuroendocrine tumor and is highly responsive to treatment

Merkel cell carcinoma

this benign fibrous histiocytoma is characterized by downward elongation of hyperpigmented rate ridges called pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia

dermatofibroma

this lesion is a primary fibrosarcoma of the skin which is locally aggressive, it typically is seen as storiform with extension into the fat creating a honeycomb Swiss cheese type of look

dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

pautrier microabscesses, sezary lutzner cells, seeding of blood by malignant T cells with erythema and erythroderma is characteristic of what cutaneous T cell lymphoma

mycosis fungoides

this disease is characterized by increased numbers of mast cells in the skin

mastocytosis

this lesion demonstrates hyperkeratosis, build up of stratum cornea and is considered to appear scale like

ichthyosis

a syndrome producing a type I hypersensitivity reaction with wheals, superficial dermal edema is called?

urticaria

a syndrome associated with type IV hypersensitivity, can cause acanthuses, hyperkeratation and spongiosis creating red papulovesicular crusted lesions is called?

acute eczematous dermatitis

this syndrome is associated with CD8+ injury to keratinocytes, produces targeted lesions and interface dermatitis with lymphocytes along the dermoepidermal junction

erythema multiforme

this syndrome is autoimmune based and can produce erythroderma. other characteristics include salmon color, white scales, auspitz sign with munro microasbcesses, and resembles test tubes in a rack

psoriasis

this syndrome involves regions with high density of sebaceous glands but is not a disease of sebaceous glands

seborrheic dermatitis

this disease is characterized by 6 p’s, consists of flat topped papule with Wickham striae, sawtoothing of rate ridges with interface dermatitis and civatte bodies of anucleate basal cells

lichen planus

this disease is characterized by its location in the suprabasilar area resembling a row of tombstones and displayed a fishnet like pattern highlighting the periphery of keratinocytes on IF

pemphigoid vulgaris

this lesion is characterized by supcorneal separation with superficial immunoglobulin deposits on IF

pemphigus foliaceus

what protein is target by IgG in pemphigus disorders?

desmoglein

this pemphigoid disease is characterized by autoantibodies to BPAG of hemidesmosomes, has tense bullae, is subepidermal and has linear antibody deposition along the dermoepidermal junction on IF

bullous pemphigoid

this lesion has IgA ab cross reaction with reticulin, is associated with celiac disease, creates supepidermal blisters, contains small micro abscesses and IgA deposition at the tips of dermal papillae on IF

dermatitis herpetiformis

what is the term for permanent thickening of the nasal skin associated with hypertrophy of sebaceous glands and follicular plugging as seen in rosacea

rhinophyma

this panniculitis form is the most common, does not have vasculitis and displays edema, fibrin and neutrophils which widen CT septae

erythema nodosum

this panniculitis is associated with vasculitis, has granulomatous inflammation and caseous necrosis of fat lobules

erythema induratum

the histological pattern of verrucous or papillomatous epidermal hyperplasia with koilocytosis is characteristic for which skin lesion?

verrucae

this skin disease is caused by poxvirus, spread by direct contact, forms firm pink pruritic papule and has molluscum body (cytoplasmic inclusion)

molluscum contagiosum

this disease involves bacterial toxin cleaving of desmoglein-1 which contributes to erythematous macule, honey colored crust form broken pustules and accumulation of neutrophils below the corneum

impetigo