Medieval, Europe, Japan, African Test Guide

Feudalism

system where nobles fulfill leader duties

Monasticism

someone who devotes life to religious work

Apostolic Ideal

church community giving $$ to poor (charity)

King Henry III of Germany

reforms Catholic Church, makes Pope Gregory/ Hildebrand new bishop

Pope Leo IX

wants churches to be independent = can have control

Simony

buy and selling of church positions

Clerical Marriage

bishops getting married=heir; no merit

Investiture Contest

Pope Gregory vs. Henry because Gregory was appointed bishop. He was taking clerical and holy power. Ends with Gregory being depoped, Henry excommunicated, he begs for forgiveness for 3 days straight.

King Henry IV of Germany

king while first crusade

Pope Gregory

appointed bishop, was depoped, then pope again

Canossa

town where Henry to Gregory for 3 days in a row

Alexius Comnenus

threat cause of 1st Crusade, Byzantine emperor

Battle of Manzikert

1077, Turks defeat Alexius and he asks Europe for help

Pope Urban II

head of Catholic Church and announced the Crusade

Council of Clermont

where Crusade was called

Peter the Hermit

wanted to attack Jews for fake reason

Count Emich of Flonheim

says Jews are the enemies, burns towns and Torahs, cuts Jews hands off

Byzantine Betrayal

Crusades from attack Constantiople for $$ while Alexius was storing food

Siege of Antioch

Crusaders vs. Tancred (Crusaders won)

Lance of Longinus

stuck spear in Jesus

July 1099

Jerusalem is taken

Godfrey of Bouilon

first king of Jerusalem (but didn’t want to be called king for religious reasons)

William the Conqueror/Bastard

first Duke of Normandy, spread land out to ensure control

Knights Templar

group of knights in Middle East, Bernard of Clairvaux, played big part in Crusade

Bernard of Clairvaux

unites order knights (how they should live), makes Churches pretty to understand God’s beauty

King Louis VII of France

guilted to join Crusade (forgive his sins) bc burned town down and felt guilty

Raymond of Antioch

king of Antioch, Louis and him don’t get along

Horns of Hattin

Turks vs. Jerusalem/ Saladin vs. Guy, dust incident=Saladin takes Jerusalem

what happened in 1187

Saladin took Jerusalem

Guy de Lusignan

King of Jerusalem and fights Saladin sneaky until not manly enough so ends up losing

Reynald de Châtillon

killing problem, Jerusalem and Byzantines wage war on him but apologizes. Then stays in Monte and Bailey Castle eventually Saladin kills him after he kills his sister

Saladin

general of Egypt, leader of Turks, conquers Jerusalem, kills Renald, defeats Guy’s army

Fredrick Barbossa

organizes Crusade, deal with Byzantine to pass through, Saladin and Turks buy them off so he’s ambushed and dies

Richard I of England

King of France and waged war on his dad bc wants to be king instead of younger brother. Becomes king, goes on Crusade, helps Guy = France king mad bc not center of attention

1006 Battle of Hastings

defeated Howard in competition for throne

Domesday Book

census of people and the land they own (tracking)

King Henry II of England

taxed people and protected them by “mobile court”/oyer and terminer

oyer and terminer

mobile court (they travel to cases)

King John I of England

brother of Richard, tax people to buy Richard out of ransom

Magna Carta

first limit for kings, they had to check with nobles

King Louis IX(9)

he builds Churches, schools, and courts. Went on the 7th and 8th Crusades.

Yersinia Pesistis

where the Black Death comes from. Lives in rodents = easily spread

how many people died from Black Death?

75-200 million!!!!

100 year war

no male Capetian heir, Philip IV is now French ruler, King of England doesn’t respect him but then we find out he could be a closer heir (France doesn’t accept this)=100 year war

Treaty of Bretigny (1360)

treaty that England gets a lot of land in France but English King gives up throne, change of ruling in France

Henry V of England

one great military king, exploits french nobility when sees soldiers won’t rebel

Joan of Arc

God tells her she will lead France to freedom, raises army and defeats England, frees city of Paris

Jacquerie Uprising

peasants who would kill noble and their family

3 Jacquerie complaints

1\. taxes are too high 2. gov officials are corrupt 3. things are too violent in France

Samuri

aristocratic soldiers

Daimyo

people competing to be shogun

Yamoto Family

ruling family of Japan

Kyoto

placed where they moved the capital

Bakufu

“tent gov”, govs that ruled Japan

Onin War

civil war because too many people were competing for shogun, city of Kyoto burned down

Oda Nobanaga

was a diamyo, unified Japan

Tokugawa lemitsu

was the 3rd shogun, made sure future shoguns had authority

Great Rift Valley

where all homo sapiens come from and evolve around Lake Victoria

Nok civilization

early African civilization along Niger River, mother of other civilizations

Kingdom of Kush

exports things, upper Nile, looked like Egypt

Etheopia

King Ezana converted Aksums into Christianity

who liked to trade elephants and gold/ivory?

Kush and Etheopia

Ghana

mothers would choose next ruler, trade place

Mali

Country in West Africa known for its historic trading cities, such as Timbuktu, and its rich cultural heritage, including music and art. The capital city is __________.

Islam

Muslims traveled to Ghana and over time took power (culturally influenced other kingdoms)

Timbuktu

city where Muslims weasle way into power (influencing Mali)

Mansa Musa

brings a lot of gold to Mali, gives it out to people and makes it worthless