Unit 2 Networks of Exchange 1200-1450

What role did the Mongols play in the Silk Roads?

They unified the Silk Roads, facilitating trade across Afro-Eurasia.

What types of goods were primarily traded along the Silk Roads?

Luxury goods, such as silk from China, which became a status symbol worldwide.

How did Buddhism spread along the Silk Roads?

It spread widely throughout Central and East Asia, adapting and changing as it spread.

What was the impact of the Black Death spreading along the Silk Roads?

It resulted in widespread death and devastation in Europe, China, and the Islamic world.

Who were the Mongols?

They were pastoral people who created the largest land-based empire in history during the 13th century.

Who was Temujin (Genghis Khan)?

He united Mongolian tribes through alliances and became known for his ruthlessness and military victories.

What were the Mongol military tactics and organization like?

They incorporated conquered peoples into their military and were fiercely loyal due to strict discipline.

How did the Mongols respond to China?

They unified China into the Yuan Dynasty and used existing systems of taxation and administration.

What was the Mongol impact on Persia?

The Mongols assimilated into Persian culture, with many converting to Islam and using the Persian administrative system.

What was the Indian Ocean trade network?

It was a major sea-based trade network stretching from China to East Africa.

What goods were traded in the Indian Ocean trade network?

Porcelain, spices, cotton, ivory, gold, wheat, sugar and rice

What maritime innovations facilitated Indian Ocean trade?

Magnetic compass, astrolabe, and Chinese junks

Why did the Indian Ocean trade routes grow between 1200-1450?

China experienced economic prosperity under the Tang and Song dynasties, and Islam's positive stance toward merchant activity promoted trade.

What was the Srivijaya Kingdom?

It controlled trade in Indonesia along key trade routes and cities.

What was the Swahili Civilization?

A series of commercial city-states on the East African coast that traded gold, ivory, and slaves, becoming predominantly Muslim.

What goods were exchanged along the Trans-Saharan trade routes?

North Africa produced manufactured goods, while Southwest Africa produced agricultural goods.

What facilitated this trade?

Camels could easily cross the harsh deserts allowing easier travel across the Sahara

Which West African civilizations grew due to trans-saharan trade?

The Kingdom of Mali, which had a monopoly on the trade of horses and metals.

During the cultural consequences of connectivity, what happened when religions were introduced to new areas?

Religions either unified people and justified leaders or syncretized with existing beliefs to create something new.

What is Neo-Confucianism?

Moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism.

What were the scientific and technological results of connectivity?

Medical advances, improved navigation technologies, and growth of cities.

Who was Marco Polo?

He was appointed an ambassador and his stories increased interest in Asia and exploration, especially in Europe.

Who was Ibn Battuta?

He traveled throughout dar al-Islam and kept a journal, which had a similar impact on the Muslim population as Marco Polo’s stories.

What agricultural goods spread because of trade routes?

Champa rice, which led to population growth, and bananas, which allowed Bantu-speaking people to migrate to new areas.

What were these effects?

Overgrazing led to environmental degradation in Great Zimbabwe, and deforestation and the Little Ice Age caused erosion in Europe.

What was the significance of the Silk Road?

Land-based routes across Eurasia and North Africa that exchanged mostly luxury goods and facilitated the spread of ideas, technologies, and religions.

What was the significance of the Indian Ocean trade?

A maritime network connecting coastal regions of the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia, trading luxury items and bulk produce and facilitated by monsoon winds and Muslim trade support.

What was the Trans-Saharan Trade?

Land-based routes across the Sahara exchanging goods, ideas, and cultures between West Africa and the Mediterranean, facilitated by camels.

What similarities did the trade networks share?

They all facilitated the exchange of goods, resources, ideas, cultures, technologies, and biology/disease and promoted new trading cities.

What were the differences between trade networks?

The types of goods traded, the geographical regions they connected, and the modes of transportation used.