Heimler Review Guide Unit 1: 1491-1607

Flashcards about the Americas before European contact and the meeting of the Old World and New World

Southwest Native American Societies

Farmers, advanced irrigation systems, small urban centers made of hardened clay bricks

Great Basin/Plains Native American Societies

Nomadic hunter/gatherers (buffalo), small egalitarian kinship bands

Pacific Coast Native American Societies

Permanent villages of almost 1,000 people, abundance of fish, small game and plant life, coastal trade

Northeast Native American Societies

Farmers, villages with longhouses, abundant resources (timber, furs, fish)

Mississippi River Native American Societies

Farmers because of the rich soil, river-based trade

Motivations for European Exploration

Developed strong, more centralized states; Increased demand from luxury goods from China and India

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases from the East to the West and from the West to the East

Haciendas

Plantations, ranches, and mines in the Spanish colonies

Spanish Colonial Administration

Royally appointed colonial governors, Encomienda system using forced native labor and later enslaved Africans, Casta system established racial hierarchy

Encomienda System

System using forced native labor

Casta System

Established racial hierarchy in Spanish Colonies