Module 14 (part 1) Progressive Era and Civil Rights

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering progressive reforms, key historical figures, Supreme Court cases, educational trends, and civil rights movements from Module 14 (part 1).

What are the four goals of progressivism?

Protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency.

What movement inspired other reform groups focused on social welfare?

Social Gospel and settlement houses.

Who was Florence Kelley?

A political activist and advocate for women and children who helped pass a law prohibiting child labor and limiting women's working hours.

What was the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), founded in 1874?

The first mass organization among women devoted to social reform, which urged saloon keepers to stop selling alcohol and opened kindergartens for immigrants.

What was the Anti-Saloon League established in 1895?

A national organization set up in 1895 to work for prohibition that later joined with the WCTU to publicize the effects of drinking.

Who were the Muckrakers in 1906?

Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in magazines.

What is Taylorism or Scientific Management?

A system developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor that organized production by subdividing tasks to speed up production, make workers interchangeable, and decrease dependence on skilled workers.

Who was Henry Ford?

An American businessman (1863-1947), founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents who made all cars look the same to make them cheaper.

What notable event happened in Galveston, Texas?

A hurricane that caused the deadliest natural disaster in United States history.

Who was Tom Johnson?

A progressive who reformed the political process and reformed public ownership of utilities in Chicago.

What was the Wisconsin Idea?

A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government intervention in the economy, relying on experts, particularly progressive economists, for policy recommendations.

What was the function of the National Child Labor Committee?

A progressive organization that sent people to photograph children's working conditions to document harsh conditions.

What did the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act prohibit?

Prohibited the sale of interstate commerce goods produced by children.

Who was Lewis Hine?

A photographer who used his pictures to draw attention to social problems such as child labor and poor living conditions of immigrants in New York City.

What was the outcome of the Muller v. Oregon case?

A Supreme Court ruling that upheld protective legislation on the grounds of women's supposed physical weakness.

What was the ruling in Bunting v. Oregon in 1917?

A Supreme Court ruling where the court accepted a 10 hour day for both men and women.

Who prompted Oregon to adopt the secret ballot?

William S. U'Ren.

What process allows voters to propose legislation or constitutional amendments?

The initiative.

What is a referendum?

A vote by the electorate on a specific proposal or law.

What process allows voters to remove an elected official from office?

The recall.

What change was established by the 17th Amendment?

Established that US senators would be elected directly by the people, rather than by state legislatures.

What did the 18th Amendment prohibit?

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages.

What did the 19th Amendment grant?

Women's suffrage.

What were the mandatory school attendance rules between 1865 and 1895?

Mandatory attendance between ages 8-14 for 12-16 weeks.

What percentage of African American children attended school and high school around the late 19th to early 20th century?

Only around 34 percent went to school, and less than 1 percent went to high school.

What percentage of America's population attended college around 1900?

Only 2.3 percent.

What was the Niagara Movement?

A group of black and white reformers who organized the NAACP in 1909.

What is the NAACP?

An interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans.

What was Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal?

An economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers.

What services were provided by the Freedman's Bureau?

Provided food, housing, medical aid, established schools, and legal assistance for freed slaves.

How did Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois differ in their views on civil rights?

Booker T. Washington advocated for gradual change, economic gains, and accepted segregation; W.E.B. DuBois advocated for immediate change, was the 1st black person to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, urged resistance to segregation, and helped create the NAACP in 1910.

What doctrine was established by Plessy v. Ferguson?

The "separate but equal" doctrine, which upheld the constitutionality of Jim Crow laws.

Which landmark Supreme Court decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson?

Brown v. Board of Education (KS).

What was meant by racial etiquette?

Strict rules of behavior expected from Black people in the presence of white people, such as moving to the grass when seeing a white person on the sidewalk.

What caused the New York City Race Riot?

A young Black man killed a white policeman after believing he had mistreated his wife, causing people to attack Black individuals.