Exam 2 Review - Sports Communication

Visibility Jobs

The media people who are well known announcers

Anchors

Hosts of a sporting event - frame what will happen

Play by play announcer

Describe observable facts - majority of commentary

Color analyst

Frames game in a larger context

Sideline reporter

Gives inside information, timely & immediate

Radio host

Answers questions, accesses sports happenings

Production jobs

Photographer, producer, editor

Editorial department

Streamline content, writers, researchers, public relations

Hybrid jobs

Sports on the internet

(a single person might do all these jobs)

Steps for a successful social media plan

Analyze the competition

Determine your target audience

Pick the best platforms

Post regularly & schedule it in advance

Customize your posts based on platform

Measure results with social media analytics

Social identity theory

People sort themselves in groups

People adopt the group identity

Social comparison: in group vs. out of group

In group bias

If we identify with a group we are more likely to identify with their members

Minimal group paradigm

Even when in arbitrary groups, we prefer our group

Social congnitive theory

Learning occurs through observation, imitation & modeling others combined with cognitive & environmental factors

Mimic behavior of those we look up to

Attention processess

The observer is attentive to the actions

Retention process

Learn form observed behavior

Reproduction process

We can fairly accurately demonstrate the new behavior or information — mimic it

Motivation process

Desire to use the process

1. Direct — you will be rewarded by using it

2. Self-produced — we rely on our own standards to decide if we should participate

3. Vicarious — motivated by the success of others who are simiular to ourselves

Elements in a work of art

How you arrange things is important to the story it tells

Focal point

The main subject or area that draws the viewer’s attention

Balance

Visual harmony in a composition; distributes visual weight evenly across the frame

Rule of thirds

Divides frame into thirds; places subject along grid lines or intersections to create balance and natural focus

Black & white photography

Allows to intensify personality & emotions

Fill the frame

Get close so the subject fills most of the image; removes distractions

Framed within the frame

Using objects (windows, doors, trees) to frame a subject inside the image

Shot from a low angle

Camera positioned low and angled upward; makes subjects appear powerful, tall, or dramatic

Rule of odds

Images are more appealing when subjects are in odd-numbered groupings (3, 5, 7, etc.)

Leading lines

Lines within an image that direct the viewer’s eye toward the subject or focal point

Backlighting

Light source comes from behind the subject; creates silhouettes or glowing outlines

Foreground

The part of the scene closest to the camera; often used to add depth or framing

Golden hour

Soft, warm lighting that occurs shortly after sunrise or before sunset; produces long shadows and flattering tones

Over exposure

Photo is too bright due to too much light; details in highlights are lost

Affective dispostion theory

Enjoyment increases when we like the team that is being photographed

It is unconscious

Fanship

How you feel about a particular team

Fandom

Connections with other fans from the same team

Eustress desires

Good stress leading to feelings of fulfillment

Aesthetic needs

Transported to different place & time

First person supporter

Desire to witness a first hand game

Home dwelling devotees

Consume large amounts of sports but through social media

Social sports addicts

Enjoy sports hwen shared with others — sport bars

Virtual world aficionado

Watch online

Three types of fans

Social fans, focused fan & vested fan

Social fans

Fair weathered fans

Focused fan

Moderate level of identification

Vested fan

High level of emotional attachment & identification to the teams

Motive of sports spectators

Aesthetic beauty, achievement, drama, escape, knowledge & social connections

Aesthetic beauty

Appreciate the beauty of th esports

Achievement

Feel accomplished when the team wins

Drama

Experience enjoyment from the thrill of watching the game & the last minute happenings

Escape

Removal from day to day life

Knowledge

Insight into the sport

Social connection

Desire to interact with others

Modes of fan consumption

First person supporter, home dwelling devotees, social sport addicts & virtual world aficionado

Game theory

A framework for understanding strategic interactions between individuals or groups in competitive situations, often applied in sports to analyze decision-making and tactics.

Symbolic interaction

A sociological perspective that focuses on how people create meaning through social interactions, particularly in the context of sports and fan culture.

Supply demand theory

An economic theory that describes the relationship between the availability of a product and the desire of consumers for that product, particularly relevant in analyzing sports ticket pricing and merchandise sales.

Panorama

A wide-ranging view or representation, often used in sports to describe extensive coverage or depiction of a game or event.

Weathered fan

A term describing a dedicated sports fan who has maintained loyalty over time.

Avid fan

A sports enthusiast who is highly dedicated and passionate about their favorite team.

Dwelling devotee

A person who is deeply committed to their local sports community or team, often attending events and supporting the athletes and programs.

Virtual world aficionado

An individual who is highly enthusiastic about and engages extensively in online sports communities, including gaming and social media platforms.

1972 Munic Massacre

A tragic event during the Munich Olympics where a Palestinian terrorist group took hostage and eventually killed 11 Israeli athletes, marking a significant moment in sports history and political conflict.

Whats the world’s most popular sport

Soccer is considered the world's most popular sport, with billions of fans across the globe. It is played professionally in numerous leagues and is the centerpiece of international competitions like the FIFA World Cup.

Rudy Galindo

An American figure skater known for his accomplishments in singles and pairs skating. He is a two-time U.S. National Champion and competed in the 1996 World Championships.

Tommy Smith

An American athlete known for his iconic Black Power salute during the 1968 Olympics medal ceremony, advocating for civil rights and social justice.

Pat Tillmann

An American football player and former safety for the Arizona Cardinals, who left the NFL to join the U.S. Army, where he was killed in action in Afghanistan.

Shawn Green

A former professional baseball player, known for his time with the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Arizona Diamondbacks. He was a versatile player, excelling as an outfielder and first baseman, and was selected as an All-Star multiple times.

Bill Russell

An American basketball player, widely regarded as one of the greatest centers in NBA history, known for his exceptional defensive skills and winning 11 championships with the Boston Celtics.

Martina Navratilova

A former professional tennis player and coach, considered one of the greatest female players of all time, known for her dominance in singles and doubles.

Magic Johnson

A retired American basketball player, considered one of the greatest point guards in NBA history, known for his incredible passing ability and leadership skills.

Joe Lewis

An American professional boxer, known as one of the greatest heavyweights of all time, who held the heavyweight title from 1937 to 1949 and was a prominent figure in boxing history.

Muhammad Ali

An American professional boxer, widely regarded as one of the greatest athletes in boxing history, known for his unique fighting style and social activism.

Jesse Owens

An American track and field athlete who won four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, symbolizing a major triumph against racism and prejudice.

Wilma Rudolph

An American sprinter who became the first American woman to win three gold medals in a single Olympics, achieving this at the 1960 Rome Olympics.

John Carlos

An American track and field athlete who is best known for his Black Power salute during the medal ceremony at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, which became a symbol of the civil rights movement.

Gabby Douglas

An American gymnast who made history as the first African American woman to win the individual all-around title at the 2012 London Olympics, leading her team to gold as well.

Arthur Ashe

An American tennis player and civil rights activist, known for being the first black man to win the singles title at Wimbledon in 1975.

Nadia Comaneci

A Romanian gymnast who famously scored the first perfect 10 in Olympic history at the 1976 Montreal Olympics, winning three gold medals.

Symmetry

When elements on both sides of a frame are balanced or mirrored

Composition

The arrangement of elements in a photo; how visual components are organized

Ambient lighting

Natural or existing light already present in a scene; not added by the photographer (ex: sunlight through a window)