Medical Nursing & Fluid Therapy & Blood Transfusions

less

Dogs do not have naturally occurring antibodies; therefore, with regards to RBCs, a transfusion reaction is (more/less) likely with its first transfusion

1 and 2

Which two of the "Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare" constitute what is often referred to as "basic patient care" in veterinary technology? (numbers)

sinus arrhythmia

Which finding is normal in the dog: hyperpnea, sinus arrhythmia, or pulse deficit?

8

Donor blood plasma is considered to be fresh plasma if used within ___ hours of collection.

1 year

When does fresh frozen plasma need to be relabeled as frozen plasma?

Contemporary

What type of fluid loss would diarrhea, vomiting, and blood loss be considered?

From hunger and thirst

First freedom of animal welfare

From discomfort

Second freedom of animal welfare

From pain, injury, or disease

Third freedom of animal welfare

To express normal behavior

Fourth freedom of animal welfare

From fear and distress

Fifth freedom of animal welfare

total parenteral nutrition

What does TPN stand for?

jugular

Which vein would a TPN/PPN be administered in?

gastric gavage

another term for enteral feeding tube

nasoesophageal

Type of enteral feeding tube used for short-term feeding and administration of medications

esophagostomy

Type of enteral feeding tube that is placed in the neck

gastrostomy

Type of enteral feeding tube that is used to feed a patient that has undergone esophagus surgery

silver nitrate sticks and styptic powder

Name two treatments (in hospital) used to stop bleeding when nail is cut too short

flour and baking powder

Name two things that can be used at home to stop bleeding when nail is cut too short

colloids and crystalloids

Two types of IV fluids

colloids

Type of IV fluids that are solutions with large macromolecules

crystalloid

Is lactating ringer's solution a colloid or crystalloid IV fluid?

colloid

Is whole blood a colloid or crystalloid fluid?

colloid

Is plasma a colloid or crystalloid fluid?

resuscitation phase

Name of the stage in fluid therapy that reverses hypovolemic shock and restores vascular volume

replacement phase

Name of the stage of fluid therapy that corrects dehydration

isotonic

What type of crystalloids are used in the replacement phase in order to correct dehydration?

maintenance phase

Name of the stage of fluid therapy that is used after dehydration is corrected

gravity-fed system

Name of type of IV fluid system where the bag is elevated to let gravity control the flow

fluid pump

Name of type of IV fluid system that ensures most accuracy

photoelectric eye pump

Name of the type of IV fluid that counts drops of solution as they are administered with a sensor

SQ

Type of fluid administration that is slowest, over period of time

IO

Type of fluid administration that is the fastest alternative to IV fluids

skin turgor

Hydration deficit exam that is not valid in older animals or animals with recent weight loss

insensible

Name of the fluid loss that feces and respiration would be considered

potassium chloride

Fluid additive used for patients with hypokalemia

dextrose

Fluid additive used for patients with hypoglycemia

sodium bicarbonate

Fluid additive used for patients with metabolic acidosis or severe hyperkalemia

hematocrit, total proteins, and urine specific gravity

3 laboratory tests for determining hydration deficiency

Higher

(Higher or lower?) hemoconcentration in a PCV = more dehydrated

1.035

Concentrated urine SG of >_____ in dog provides further evidence patient is dehydrated

1.040

Concentrated urine SG >____ in cat provides further evidence patient is dehydrated

Higher

(Higher or lower?) total protein = more dehydrated

tachypnea

Medical term for an abnormally high respiratory rate

bradycardia

Medical term for abnormally low heart rate

minor

What type of cross matching tests the agglutination reactions between the donor's RBCs and recipient's plasma?

major

What type of cross matching tests the agglutination reactions between donor's plasma and recipient's RBCs?

antibody screen

A pre-transfusion test other than blood typing and cross-matching

jugular vein

Blood collection site in dogs and cats

10-15

Maximum blood donation is ____-____% of animal's total body blood volume

13-17

Maximum blood donation in dogs is ____-____ ml/kg body weight

11-15

Maximum blood donation in cats is ____-____ ml/kg body weight

16

Maximum blood donation in horses is ~____ ml/kg body weight

sodium citrate

Anticoagulant of choice for immediate use

CPD, CPDA

Two anticoagulants used for storage (acronyms)

citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine

What does the coagulant CPDA stand for?

fresh frozen plasma

What does FFP stand for in reference to blood transfusions?

false

True or false: fresh frozen plasma supplies viable platelets for blood transfusions

true

True or false: whole blood supplies viable platelets for a blood transfusion treating severe bleeding

35

Shelf life of PRBCs is roughly ____ days

erythema, urticaria, pruritus

3 examples of acute allergic blood transfusion reactions

erythema

medical term for general redness of the skin

urticaria

Medical term for hives of the skin

fever

Most common nonhemolytic immune reaction to blood transfusions

transfusion-related acute lung injury

What does TRALI stand for in relation to blood transfusions?

transfusion-associated circulatory overload

What does TACO stand for in relation to blood transfusions?

A

More than 90% of cats in U.S. are what blood type?

B

Blood type that is more common in certain purebred cats

alloantibodies

Naturally occurring antigens in cats that act against their opposite blood types

A, B

A cat with type __ blood given type __ blood= mild reactions when given first transfusion

B, A

Type ___ cats given type ___ blood= potentially FATAL even on first transfusion

DEA 1.1-

Most common canine blood type

neonatal isoerythrolysis

Medical term for type A or AB kittens born to a type B mom

DEA 1.1

Which of the dog blood groups is the most important and the one that can be typed in-house?

4

Dogs that are DEA 1.1- are considered universal donors for dogs that are DEA ___+.

crossmatched

Cats have natural alloantibodies and therefore MUST be ________(blood typed or crossmatched?) before every blood transfusion.

Fresh frozen plasma

Which specific blood component contains VWF?

calcium

It is contraindicated to administer transfusion products through the same line with fluids containing what electrolyte?

nonimmunologic

Sepsis is a(n) ___________ (immunologic or nonimmunologic) reaction to blood transfusions.

5

An appropriate guideline for setting the maximum administration rate of a blood transfusion is ____ ml/kg/hr