AP Psych Sleep Quiz

Consciousness

Awareness of ourselves & our environment.

Sleep

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness-as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma. General anesthesia or hibernation.

Wakefulness

Not sleeping,beta stage.

Circadian rhythm

Biological clock; regular body rhythm (ex:temp & wakefulness) that occurs on a 24 hr-cycle.

If human beings have no indications of external cues, how many hours do we operate in on a daily cycle?

~24hrs

What hormone contributes to our circadian rhythm?

Melatonin

Jet Lag

• Fatigue and disorientation from travel in diff time zones

• Disrupts internal biological clock

Shift work

• Work schedule outside 9-5 workday

• Early morning,evening,& overnight shifts

• Healthcare workers

What tool is used to measure this and how does it determine what sleep stage someone is in?

• EEG

• Measures and analyzes patterns of brains waves recorded by sensors, differentiate initiating stages by frequency,amplitude & regularity of waves

NREM Stage 1

• Alpha=light sleep

• Transition between wakefulness & sleep

Hypnagogic sensations

• Brief,vivid sensory experience during transition from wakefulness to sleep, particularly in Stage 1 NREM.

NREM Stage 2

Theta=baseline

Sleep spindles; (k-complexes) produced

Body temp drops, heart rate slows

Spindles may be important for learning and memory.

NREM Stage 3

• delta=deep sleep

• Muscles relax,blood pressure drops, and breathing rate drops.

REM Sleep

• Rapid eye movement

• Vivid dreams occur

•  Paradoxical sleep b/c muscle is relaxed except for minor twitches but other body systems are active.

• Brain more active,body=cataplexic;breathing,heart rate,blood pressure increase.

Benefits to Non REM

• Consolidate memories

• Body builds tissue

• Energy conservation

REM Benefits

• Boost for creativity

• Cognitive function

• Emotional processing

Benefits of adequate sleep vs sleep deprivation

• Improve cognitive function, immunity,energy lvls, mood & well being.

• Weakened immunity,metabolic dysfunction, fatigue, risk of chronic diseases. 

REM Rebound

Tendency for REm sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakening during REM sleep)

What makes the REM stage paradoxical?

• Similarities to wakefulness. The brain acts somewhat awake.

•  muscle is relaxed except for minor twitches but other body systems are active.

How does the need for sleep vary among people and why?

• Some people need more or less

• Lifestyle,genetics,age,circadian rhythm.

What do you notice about the frequency of stages as sleep progresses?

• Frequency and duration of Non-REM & REM changes dramatically

• REM is almost like fully awake.

• the frequency 9of the wave become less throguh the Non-REM stages and becomes more frequent during REM

Memory Consolidation

Change in brain structure and organization

REM vital for organizing & storing info 

Restoration

Repair consequences or the activity associated w/ wakefulness.

Sleep is a period of recovery & repair

Insomnia

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.

Narcolepsy

Sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferers may lapse directly into REM sleep ,often at inopportune times.

Sleep apnea

• Temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

• Deep sleep can be caused by lack of dopamine.

Somnabulism

Sleep walking, person gets up & walks while still asleep.

REM sleep behavior disorder

Loss of normal muscle atonia (paralysis) during REM

can act out dreams

Dreams

• Sequence of images ,emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind

• Hallucinatory imagery;discontinuities and incongruities and for the dreamer delusional acceptance of the constant and late difficulties remembering it.

• Mainly during REM sleep

How do dreams differ across cultures?

In themes,perceived meaning, and function.

Activation synthesis

• Proposed by J.Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley 

• Dreams result of random brain activity

• Dreams are meaningless

• Electrical activation form brainstem

Consolidation theory

• Sleep is important in the process of converting short term to long term memories. 

• By strengthening neural networks