protozoa intro

protozoa are eukaryotes, what type of eukaryotes are they?

unicellular

prtozoa prokaryotes

• bacteria

• archaea

protozoa eukaryotes

• plants

• fungi

• protists

• animals

prokaryotes characteristics

• small unicellular organisms

• peptidoglycan-based cell wall

• no membrane bound organelles

• no membrane bound organelles

• nucleoid

• lack internal cytoskeleton

• binary fission only

nucleoid

circular DNA without histones

evolutionary transition from prokayote to eukaryote

• loss of rigid pepitoglycan cell wall

• gain of phagotrophy

• development of organized internal cytoskeleton

eukaryotic cell

• usually larger than prokaryotes

• membrane bound organelles

• cytoskeleton made of microtubules and actin

• chromosome: linear DNA with histones

• asexual and sexual

major organelles in animal cell

• PM

• nucleus

• ER

• golgi

• mitochondria (some lack)

unique cell biology features

• nuclear dimorphism

  • macronucleus and micronucleus

• multilayered cell surface

  • inner membrane complex beneath PM

• presence of plastid

  • no photosynthesis, but required for lipid metabolism

nuclear dimorphism in ciliates

presence of two distinct nuclei (macro and micro)

macronucleus

• large, kidney shaped

• involved in house keeping or metabolic functions

micronucleus

• small, spherical

• contains complete genome

• involved in genetics and sexual recombination

forms of motility

• pseudopods

• cilia

• flagella

• gliding motility

protozoan pathogens are heterotrophs, meaning they consume

organic material originating from living organisms

2 heterotrophic forms

1. pinocytosis- endocytosis of fluid

2. phagocytosis- ingestion of food particles

reproduction

asexual reproduction

• binary fission- two daughter cells

• multiple fission- many daughter cells (schizogony)

sexual reproduction

• conjugation

• formation of male and female gametes

two forms of binary fission

1. longitudinal

2. transverse

True or False: the zygote from fusion of male and female gametes may develop into a cyst

true

oocyst

dormant and highly resistant stage of cyst

why are oocyst important?

• survival in the environment

• transmission to a new host

diagnostic techniques

• fecal samples

• PCR

• DNA sequencing

• western blotting

• ELISA

• immunofluorescence assay