Lipids

What are lipids?

diverse group of non-polar hydrocarbons (hydrophobic)
no true polymers
water insoluble

What are the function of lipids?

long-term energy store
insulation
building block for hormones
components of cell membranes

What are two examples of triglycerides (TGs)?

fats and oils

What is the structure of TGs?

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids (FAs)

What are saturated fatty acids?

no C=C
pack tightly
meat fat
solid at room temp

What are unsaturated FAs?

C=C
don’t pack tight because they are kinked
oils
liquid at room temp

What are the different sub groups of unsaturated FAs?

mono → 1 C=C
poly → 2+ C=C
cis → H on same side
trans → H on opp side (increases LDL, created through processing)

What are the functions of TGs?

long term energy storage
insulation

What is the structure of phospholipids?

1 glycerol + 2 FAs + 1 phosphate group

What is significant about the structure of a phospholipid?

hydrophilic head, polar
hydrophobic tail, nonpolar
arranged in cell membrane so philic heads are facing aqueous solution (inside and outside cell)

What is the structure of micelles?

polar, hydrophilic head toward water
nonpolar, hydrophobic tail away from water
arranged in circle

What are examples of steroids?

cholesterol → linked to health of an individual
testosterone
estrogen

What is the structure of steroids?

closed 4 ring carbon structure
hydrophobic
water insoluble

What is the function of steriods?

cell membrane structure
hormone function