Fish Life Cycles, Mating, and Ecology Flashcards

Flashcards covering fish reproduction, mating strategies, and larval development based on lecture notes.

Fish Egg Production

Bigger fish produce more eggs, both within and among species. Within a species, larger individuals generally produce more eggs and often larger eggs.

XX,XY chromosomes in what

Male

ZW, ZZ chromosomes in what

Female

Polygenic

Multiple alleles that act independently sorting sex

Prematurational sex change

First develop as Non mature females, develop into males or females

Adelphophagy

A form of parental care where the embryo gets energy from eating siblings.

Nonguarding Species

Fish species that do not actively protect their eggs or young after spawning.

Guarders

Fish species that protect their eggs or young after spawning.

Bearers

Fish species that carry their eggs or young with them, either externally or internally.

Oral Gestation

The process where fish eggs are incubated in the mouth of the parent.

Boatwhistle Call

A musical sound produced by the toadfish, associated with prespawning and early egg-guarding activity.

Grunt (Toadfish)

A harsh sound made by the toadfish.

Brood Parasitism

A reproductive strategy where one species lays its eggs in the nest of another species.

Sneaker Males

Smaller males that interject themselves during spawnings by larger males, quickly depositing sperm.

Type II male

Intermediate males that mimic female coloration and behavior to gain access to spawning pairs.

Type I Males (Plainfin Midshipman)

Make energetically expensive humming sound to attract females and care for embryos in intertidal nests.

Type II Males (Plainfin Midshipman)

Resemble females in size and sneak spawn with females at type I male nest sites.

Gonadosomatic Index (GSI)

Ratio of gonad weight to body weight; used as a measure of reproductive investment.

Gynogenesis

A mode of reproduction where a triploid female produces 3N eggs that are activated but not fertilized by sperm from a male, producing a daughter identical to the mother.

Hybridogenesis

A mode of reproduction where a diploid mother produces haploid eggs that contain only the maternal genome. Sperm from a male combine to form a diploid daughter, but this male component will be discarded again during gamete production.

Oviparous

Egg laying.

Ovoviviparous

Eggs hatch internally, bear live offspring.

Viviparous

Embryos receive additional nourishment from mother besides egg yolk.

Lecithotrophy

Embryo nourishment from the egg yolk.

Histotrophy

Embryo nourishment from maternal secretions.

Oophagy

Embryo nourishment from eating eggs.

Placentotrophy

Embryo nourishment from mom, delivered by a placental connection.

Larval Phase

A developmental phase in teleost fishes, where the developing form is more morphologically distinct than precocious juvenile fish forms.

Alevins

Salmonid yolk-sac larvae (still sitting on bottom, resorbing yolk).

Fry

Salmonid larvae with resorbed yolk that begin to feed.

Parr

Small juvenile salmonids with oval-shaped bars called parr marks.

Smolts

Ocean going juvenile salmonids that have obtained a silvery coloration, ready to swim downstream to sea.

Smoltification

Physiological, coloration, and morphology (streamlining) occurs before the transition in anticipation of this migration.

Flatfish Transformation

The process in flatfishes where an eye from the 'blind side' begins to migrate before the skeleton of the larvae is completely ossified.

Bilateral eyes

Larvae begin with what kind of eyes

Right eyed

Starry flinders part of what eye family

Left eyed fish

Fish that have optic nerves crossed twice

Gonochores

ANY FISH SPECIES that do not change sex after maturation (regardless of how sex is determined).

Synchronous Hermophrodite

Being both male and female at the same time

Protogynous Hermaphrodite

Sequential hermaphroditism were the fish is first a female, then a male.

Protandrous Hermaphrodite

Sequential hermaphroditism were the fish is first a male, then a female.