The Roman Empire Part #1

What period of time was classified as Early Rome?

753 BC-509 BC

How many kings ruled Early Rome?

7

2 of the last 3 kings of Early Rome were...

Etruscan

What type of government did Rome have?

Republic

Define republic.

A form of government in which the leader is not a king (monarch), and certain citizens have the right to vote.

What was the state of Rome for the next 200 years?

They were in constant warfare.

In 338 BC...

Rome crushed the Latin states in Latium.

How were the Romans able to overtake the Italian Peninsula?

By facing people from central Apennines.

By what year did the Romans fully take over the Italian Peninsula?

261 BC

What was the Roman Confederation used for?

To rule the newly conquered, Italy.

Who were allowed to have full Roman citizenship under the Roman Confederation?

Only some people, especially Latins.

For those who didn't have full citizenship, what happened to them?

They were made allies.

Classify "allies".

Free to run their own local affairs but were required to provide soldiers for Rome.

What could possibly happen to loyal allies?

They could improve their status to become Roman citizens.

How did Rome make the conquered people feel?

They made them feel like they had a valuable stake in Rome's success.

How the Romans viewed their ancestors.

Sense of duty, courage, and discipline.

Who was Livy and what did he do?

He was a Roman historian that provided stories to teach Romans the virtues that made Rome great.

Cincinnatus story.

Was about a farmer chosen to be a dictator, to save Rome from attack. He led Rome to victory and afterwards, returned back to his farm.

Reason #1 why Rome was able to gain control over Italy.

They had good diplomats, and they were shrewd in extending Roman citizenship and allowing states to run their own internal affairs.

Characteristics of the Roman empire.

Firm and sometimes cruel.

Reason #2 why Rome was able to gain control over Italy.

They excelled in military matters because they were persistent. They were also brilliant strategists, they built colonies and fortified towns.

How did reason #2 contribute to the development of the empire?

It enabled the production of infrastructure.

Reason #3 why Rome was able to gain control over Italy.

Were very practical in law and politics. They didn't try to build an ideal government, but instead political institutions.

The two groups in which Rome was divided into.

Patricians and plebeians.

Patricians

Wealthy landowners who became Rome's ruling class.

Plebeians

Less wealthy landowners, craftspeople, merchants, and farmers.

Men on both sides were...

Citizens who paid taxes, owed military service, and could vote.

Which side could be elected to governmental positions?

Patricians

The two chief executive officers.

Consuls and praetors.

Consuls

Two were chosen each year. They ran the government and led the Roman army into battle.

Praetors

They were in charge of civil laws, laws that applied to Roman citizens.

How many members served in the Roman Senate?

300 patricians.

What was the role of those who were in the Roman Senate?

To advise governmental officials and they obtained the Force of Law.

Centuriate Assembly

Used to elect consuls and praetors, and they passed laws.

What year was the Council of the Plebs created?

471 BC

Council of the Plebs.

An assembly for plebeians only, it was created due to conflict between the two sides.

Children of different sides were forbidden to...

Marry/date eachother.

What did the plebeians think that they deserved?

More power and equality for serving in the Roman army.

What was the Struggle of Orders?

The conflict between the two sides that lasted for hundreds of years.

Who won the Struggle of Orders?

Plebeians

Who were the tribunes of the plebs?

They were officials that were to protect the plebeians.

By 287 BC...

Everyone was equal and given the same rights.

What was the Twelve Tables?

The first code of laws, and it was a product of a farming society.

What ever happened to the Twelve Tables?

It was proved inadequate for later needs, but it was used to develop a more sophisticated system of civil law.