Organic Reactions

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27 Terms

1
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Addition - Hydrogenation

catalyst: Pt

product: alkane

<p>catalyst: Pt</p><p>product: alkane</p>
2
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Addition - Hydration

catalyst: H2SO4 + 100 °C

product: alcohol

<p>catalyst: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + 100 °C</p><p>product: alcohol</p>
3
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Addition - Hydrohalogenation

catalyst: N/A
product: haloalkane (with one halogen atom)

<p>catalyst: N/A<br>product: haloalkane (with one halogen atom)</p>
4
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Addition - Halogenation

catalyst: CCl4

product: haloalkane (with two halogen atoms)

<p>catalyst: CCl<sub>4</sub></p><p>product: haloalkane (with two halogen atoms)</p>
5
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Elimination - Alcohols

catalyst: H2SO4 and 100 °C and heat (= ∆)

products: alkene and water

<p>catalyst: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>and 100 °C and heat (= ∆)</p><p>products: alkene and water</p>
6
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Elimination - Alkyl Halides

With hydroxide ion

products: alkene and water and halide ion base

<p>With hydroxide ion</p><p>products: alkene and water and halide ion base</p>
7
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Substitution - Alcohol with hydrogen halide

catalyst: ZnCl2 (Lucas Reagent)

products: alkyl halide and water

<p>catalyst: ZnCl<sub>2</sub> (Lucas Reagent)</p><p>products: alkyl halide and water</p>
8
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Substitution - Haloalkane + base (OH-)

catalyst: N/A

products: alcohol

unpredictable, might undergo elimination instead

<p>catalyst: N/A</p><p>products: alcohol</p><p>unpredictable, might undergo elimination instead</p>
9
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Substitution - Alkane with halogens

catalyst: UV light

products: haloalkane and hydrogen halide

<p>catalyst: UV light</p><p>products: haloalkane and hydrogen halide</p>
10
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Substitution - Haloalkane with ammonia

catalyst: heat and ethanol

products: amine and ammonium halide salt

<p>catalyst: heat and ethanol</p><p>products: amine and ammonium halide salt</p>
11
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Substitution - Benzene and halogens

catalyst: FeBr3 or AlCl

product: halobenzene and hydrogen halide

addition does NOT occur

when substituting 2 atoms/groups onto benzene, the meta config is favoured

<p>catalyst: FeBr<sub>3</sub> or AlCl</p><p>product: halobenzene and hydrogen halide</p><p>addition does NOT occur</p><p>when substituting 2 atoms/groups onto benzene, the meta config is favoured</p>
12
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Substitution - Benzene with alkyl halide

catalyst: AlCl3

products: alkyl benzene and hydrogen halide

<p>catalyst: AlCl<sub>3</sub></p><p>products: alkyl benzene and hydrogen halide</p>
13
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Substitution - Benzene with nitric acid

catalyst: H2SO4

products: nitrobenzene and water

<p>catalyst: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></p><p>products: nitrobenzene and water</p>
14
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Substitution - Ethers with 2 binary acids

catalyst: heat

products: 2 alkyl halides + water

<p>catalyst: heat</p><p>products: 2 alkyl halides + water</p>
15
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Condensation - Amine with carboxylic acid

catalyst: H2SO4 and heat

product: amide and water

<p>catalyst: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and heat</p><p>product: amide and water</p>
16
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Condensation - Alcohol with another alcohol

catalyst: H2SO4, 140 ˚C

products: ether and water

could also form an alkene (elimination) if reaction occurred at 100 ˚C

<p>catalyst: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 140 ˚C</p><p>products: ether and water</p><p>could also form an alkene (elimination) if reaction occurred at 100 ˚C</p>
17
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Esterification - Alcohol and carboxylic acid

catalyst: H2SO4 and water

products: ester and water

<p>catalyst: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and water</p><p>products: ester and water</p>
18
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Esterification - Alcohol and benzoic acid

catalyst: H2SO4 and water

products: ester and water

<p>catalyst: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and water</p><p>products: ester and water</p>
19
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Hydrolysis - Ester and water

catalyst: H2SO4 and heat

products: alcohol, carboxylic acid

reversible

<p>catalyst: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and heat</p><p>products: alcohol, carboxylic acid</p><p>reversible</p>
20
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Hydrolysis - Amide and water

catalyst: H2SO4 and heat

products: amine and carboxylic acid

reversible

<p>catalyst: H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and heat</p><p>products: amine and carboxylic acid</p><p>reversible</p>
21
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Oxidation - Primary alcohol and oxidizing agent

oxidizing agent: KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7

products: aldehyde + water

<p>oxidizing agent: KMnO<sub>4</sub> or K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></p><p>products: aldehyde + water</p>
22
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Oxidation of an aldehyde

product: carboxylic acid

<p>product: carboxylic acid</p>
23
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Oxidation - Secondary alcohol

product: ketone

<p>product: ketone</p>
24
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Oxidation - Tertiary alcohol

A tertiary alcohol cannot be oxidized. There is no hydrogen available to be removed. C-C bonds are too strong to be broken by an oxidizing agent.

<p>A tertiary alcohol cannot be oxidized. There is no hydrogen available to be removed. C-C bonds are too strong to be broken by an oxidizing agent.</p>
25
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Reduction - Aldehyde with hydrogen

catalyst: LiAlH4 or H2/Pt

products: primary alcohol

<p>catalyst: LiAlH<sub>4</sub> or H<sub>2</sub>/Pt</p><p>products: primary alcohol</p>
26
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Reduction - Ketone with hydrogen

catalyst: LiAlH4 or H2/Pt

products: secondary alcohol

<p>catalyst: LiAlH<sub>4</sub> or H<sub>2</sub>/Pt</p><p>products: secondary alcohol</p>
27
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Reduction - Alkene with hydrogen

catalyst: LiAlH4 or H2/Pt

products: alkane

<p>catalyst: LiAlH<sub>4</sub> or H<sub>2</sub>/Pt</p><p>products: alkane</p>