Week 6: Phenomenology (Schultz)

What does phenomenology study?

studies first-person lived experiences and their meanings without questioning their objective reality.

What is the lifeworld according to Husserl?

the taken-for-granted foundation of everyday experiences, explored by suspending judgments.

What enables shared consciousness according to Schutz?

enables people to interpret and share the same lifeworld through common understandings.

What are the three cognitive resources that maintain intersubjectivity?

Knowledge, practical recipes, and generalized typifications.

What is the difference between thou-oriented and they-oriented relationships?

relationships are intimate and personal, while relationships are generalized and impersonal.

What is social reality as defined by Berger and Luckmann?

is a human-created, seemingly objective world based on shared beliefs and activities.

What is externalization in social constructionism?

is the process where human meanings and actions shape the social world through meaningful activity.

What does institutionalization refer to?

reciprocally recognized patterns of behavior that create stable institutions.

What is the concept of reification in social constructionism?

is when social phenomena are perceived as natural, obscuring their human origins.

What are the two forms of socialization?

establishes foundational realities, while adapts individuals to specific roles.

What is ethnomethodology according to Harold Garfinkel?

studies the everyday methods people use to maintain social reality.

What is indexicality?

refers to the idea that meaning is context-dependent and arises from the situation.

What are breaching experiments?

reveal methods for restoring order by disrupting norms.

How does Foucault define archaeological analysis?

examines how discourses shape accepted truths in history.

What is the relationship between power and knowledge in Foucault's genealogy?

explores how power and knowledge are interconnected historically.

What is habitus according to Pierre Bourdieu?

refers to durable dispositions shaped by life experiences and social position.

What role does education play in social inequality according to Bourdieu?

perpetuates class inequality by favoring dominant cultural norms.

What is Orientalism as described by Edward Said?

is the Western discourse that constructed the East as inferior to justify imperialism.

What does postmodernism reject according to Baudrillard?

rejects universal ideals in favor of fragmented perspectives.

What is hyperreality?

is when representations become indistinguishable from reality itself.

What does Wallerstein say about world-empires vs. world-economies?

are politically dominated, while are integrated through trade.

What are the three zones of capitalist world-economy according to Wallerstein?

Core exploits periphery, with semi-periphery acting as an intermediary.