APUSH Chapter 10 Vocab

Franchise

The right to vote in elections

Notables

Wealthy and influential individuals in society who held political power and influence, often involved in local governance and elections. These people included northern landlords, slave-owning planters, and seaport merchants.

Equal Rights Rhetoric of Republicanism

The ideology promoting equality and individual rights, asserting that all citizens should have equal opportunities and protections under the law, often associated with the principles of the Republican Party in the 19th century. It was used by Maryland reformers in the 1810s to expand franchise to middle-class men.

Political Machines

The name for the parties that came after the 1820s and were typically run by professional politicians. They got this name because they efficiently wove together the interests of diverse social groups.

Martin Van Buren

The chief architect of the system of party government in the 1820s. He claimed that political factions were not dangerous, but that it was inevitable for a free government to have multiple parties. Leader of the Bucktails Party, and handled Jackson’s campaign for president and a core member of his cabinet.

Spoils System

The practice of granting political office to the supporters of a particular party

Caucus

A meeting of political leaders

American System

Henry Clay’s proposed mercantilist program of national economic development similar to that of the Commonwealth System of state governments. It included protective tariffs, federally subsidized roads and canals, and a national bank.

Internal Improvements

The betterment of public infrastructure such as roads and canals

Andrew Jackson

One of the candidates for president during the election of 1824. He was popular due to his heroism during the Battle of New Orleans. He had most of the popular and electoral college vote, yet still lost the race. However, he won presidency in 1828.

John C. Calhoun

Originally one of the five candidates for president during the election of 1824, he eventually withdrew from the race and endorsed Andrew Jackson

Twelfth Amendment

Made it so that the House of Representatives would choose the president from the top 3 candidates in the election of 1824.

John Quincy Adams

Winner of the election of 1824. His presidency included the creation of a national university in Washington, scientific explorations of the West, and a standardization of units for weight and measures. He also endorsed Henry Clay’s American System

Henry Clay

One of the candidates for ran for president during the election of 1824. After losing both the popular and electoral college vote, he used his power as Speaker to prevent Jackson’s presidency. He became the Secretary of State under Adams’ administration.

Corrupt Bargain

The accusation by Jackson’s supporters that Henry Clay made a deal with John Quincy Adams to win the presidency.

Consolidated Government

When power is mostly in the hands of the federal government.

Tariff of Abomination

A tariff enacted by Adams and Clay which raised duties significantly on raw materials, textiles, and iron goods. It angered the South because it increased the prices of imported goods, which the South heavily relied on.

Democrats

What Jacksonians called themselves during the election of 1828 and claimed to be fighting for equality among different social classes.

Kitchen Cabinet

The unofficial group of advisors for Andrew Jackson

Ordinance of Nullification

A statement made by leading South Carolinians that declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 to be null and void.

Nullification

The argument that states have the right to void laws passed by Congress

Second Bank of the United States

A bank founded in Philadelphia in 1816. It operated under a 20-year charter from the federal government. It was created to stabilize the nation’s money supply

Indian Removal Act

Aimed to move Native American tribes in the South to west of the Mississippi River

Force Bill

A bill passed by Andrew Jackson which stated that the president could use military force to enforce tariffs

Worcester v. Georgia

The court case in which the Supreme Court ruled that Natives could not be forced to move. Jackson ignores the decision.

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of Natives in the south. Thousands died on the journey or shortly after arriving in the West.

Whig Party

This political party grew in response to Andrew Jackson’s seemingly unconstitutional actions. They favored a strong central government and promoted industry.

Election of 1836

In this election, several Whigs ran against Martin Van Buren in hopes to send the election to the House of Representatives. However, Martin Van Buren still managed to win the election.

Panic of 1837

An economic downturn caused by overspeculation of land, crop failures, and panics in Europe. It caused banks to fail, increased the unemployment rate, and decreased the price of land.

Election of 1840

Nicknamed “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”, this election had Martin Van Buren run against William Henry Harrison and Tyler Too. William Henry Harrison wins the election, but dies only 30 days into his presidency, so John Tyler becomes president.