3.01 marine flash cards pg 1

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Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture on ecological succession, ecosystem dynamics, and the example of Surtsey island.

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12 Terms

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Ecosystem

A community where living organisms interact with each other and with abiotic components such as light, soil, and water.

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Abiotic Factors

The non-living components of an environment (e.g., light, soil, water) that influence living organisms.

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Dynamic Ecosystem

An ecosystem that changes over time due to factors like climate, invasive species, natural disasters, seasonal shifts, and ecological succession.

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Ecological Succession

The process of gradual change in species composition and community structure over time in an ecosystem.

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Primary Succession

A type of ecological succession that begins on newly formed land with no existing life or soil, where pioneer species initiate ecosystem development.

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Secondary Succession

Succession that occurs in an area where an existing ecosystem has been disturbed but soil remains, allowing faster recovery and recolonization.

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Pioneer Species

The first organisms—often algae, lichens, or fungi—that colonize barren environments and start soil formation in succession.

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Biodiversity (during succession)

The variety of living species in an ecosystem, typically low at the start of succession and increasing over time.

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Volcanic Island Formation

Creation of new land by underwater volcanic eruptions, providing a starting point for primary succession.

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Surtsey

A volcanic island formed off Iceland (1963-1967) that serves as a real-world example of primary succession.

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Sea Rocket, Sea Sandwort, Sea Lyme Grass

Early plant pioneers that colonized Surtsey, illustrating seed dispersal by ocean currents during primary succession.

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Soil Development

The gradual accumulation of organic matter and weathered rock, essential for supporting plant life during succession.