Brae 340 Midterm 1 Review

IE

Irrigation efficiency, percent of total applied water that is benefically used

Minor losses do not need to be considered in pipe flow problems when

the conditions are static,if not static need to be considered

Water flows from an area of ___ pressure to an area of ___ pressure

high to low/high energy to low energy

What impacts friction in a pipeline

pipe length, pipe roughness(C value), inside pipe diameter, flow rate

Non beneficial uses of water

runoff, excessive deep percolation, evaporation and phreatophyte ET,

ET

evaporation + transpiration

LR

leaching requirement: extra water used to move salts below root zone

Riparian Right

based on owning land next to a water source; usually cannot store water long-term and is limited to the watershed.

Appropriative Right

based on physical control/diversion and beneficial use; “first in time, first in right”; may be sold or transferred; post-1913 rights need a permit/license.

Pueblo Right

special historic rights of certain cities, including Los Angeles and San Diego, within the original pueblo watershed

Federal Reserved Right

water reserved for federal lands, such as national forests or tribal lands; priority date is when the land was reserved

Public Trust Doctrine

protects public interests in navigable waters and related resources

What is SWRCB

state agency that administers water right and conducts Bay-Delta hearings

What is DWR

state agency that develops/operates the state water Project (SWP)

What is USBR

federal agency that developed and operates the central valley project (CVP)

What is USACE

Federal Army corps: designs/builds federal projects

What is EPA

Enforces/oversees federal environmental laws

What is Irrigation District

local agency that obtains/distributes water and can levy taxes

What is CALFED

State-Federal coordination program for Bay-Delta issues

Surface Irrigation ex

border strips, furrows, and level basins

Surface Irrigation components of irrigating

infiltration depends on opportunity time, infiltration rate and wetted area, depends on slope land level soil, flow rate and tail water return, shorter runs and uniform opportunity time general improve performance

Sprinkler Irrigation ex

hand move, solid set, wheel line/side roll, center pivot, linear move and big gun

Whats important about Sprinkler irrigation?

application rate must be less than soil infiltration rate, to much=misting, to little pressure = drought pattern, wind, spacing plugging all affect DU

Drip/micro irrigation ex

drip tape, subsurface drip, micro-sprayers

important things to remember about drip/micro

frequent small applications doe snot wet entire soil area, pressure variation and plugging are major problems, drip always needs filtration

What do you use to measure flow in Open channels

Weirs and Flumes

What do you use to measure flow in Pipelines

propeller meters and magnetic meters