eye anatomy and physiology

chemoreceptors

sense chemical stimuli

photoreceptors

transduce light

thermoreceptors

respond to temperature changes

mechanoreceptors

respond to the deformation of their cell membrane

nociceptors

respond to intense stimuli by signaling pain

proprioceptors

signal positional info of body parts

What protects the eye and aids in function

eyebrows, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, extrinsic eye muscles

what is the lacrimal apparatus

lacrimal gland and ducts that drain into nasal cavity (tears)

what are the three layers of the eyeball

fibrous, vascular, and inner

fibrous layer consists of:

sclera and cornea

vascular layer consists of:

choroid, ciliary body, iris

inner layer consists of:

pigmented layer and neural layer

what does the lens separate the internal cavity into?

Anterior and posterior segment

what is the anterior segment filled with?

aqueous humour

what is posterior segment filled with?

vitreous humour

pigmented layer

single layer of melanocytes

neural layer

sheet of nervous tissue

pigmented layer

single cell thick lining,

What are the three layers that make up neural layer

photoreceptors, bipolar, and ganglion

what vitamin does the pigmented layer store

vitamin A

pgimented layer function

absorb light and prevent scattering

rod cells

more sensitive to light

cone cells

operate best in bright light

macula lutea

contains mostly cones

fovea centralis

contains only cones

optic disc

blind spot

emmetropic

normal sighted

myopic eye

eyeball is too long

hyperopic eye

eyeball is too short

astigmatism

curvature in fornea or lens