bbbb

Function of skeletal system

support, protection, movement, blood cell production, and storage of inorganic materials

Hemopoisesis

production of blood cells

Where are blood cells produced?

bone marrow

inorganic materials

salt, calcium, potassium

Number of bones in the body

206

two main divisons of skeletal system

axial and appendicular

blood is red because of..

hemoglobin

hyoid does not…

articulate with any other bone

appendicular skeleton

bones of the limbs and bones that connect to the pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle

pectoral girdle

scapula and clavicle and arms

pelvic girdle

coxal bones, legs

axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sternum

throacic cage ribs have

12 pairs

long bone structure

long bones consist of a diaphysis, epiphysis, epiphyseal plate and periosteum

Diaphysis

shaft or center of a long bone

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

articular cartilage

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints

Periosteum

A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles.

medullary cavity

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone filled with bone marrow

red marrow

produces blood cells

yellow marrow

stores fat

Endosteum

lining of the medullary

Types of bone tissue

compact and spongy

compact bone tissue

the strongest form of bone tissue that makes up the bulk of the diaphysis of a long bone (the wall of the diaphysis)

spongy bone tissue

cancellous, epiphysis, red marrow

bone medical term

osseus

bone tissue has matrix composed of

collagen/inorganic cells

Osteocytes

mature bone cells, enclosed in tiny chambers called lacunae

lacunae

tiny cavities where osteocytes reside

lacunae form rings called

lamella around a haversian canal

haversian and volkmann canals…

houses blood vessels

Canaliculi

tiny canals that link osteocytes

haversian canal grow

vertically

volkmann canals grow

horizontally

yellow line

nerve

blue line

artery

red line

vein

bones first form as

hyaline cartilage

ossification

process of bone formation (cartilage to bone)

primary ossification center

Shaft (diaphysis)

secondary ossification center

ends (epiphyses) of a long bone

epiphyseal plate

Growth plate, a band of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis

as cells ossify

areas in bone length increase

osteoblasts

produce cells called osteocytes

osteoclasts

break down bone to release minerals (called RESORPTION)

joints

Articulations between adjoining bones

synarthroses joints

immovable joints aka sutures

example of Synarthrotic joints

skull

amphiathrotic joints

partially movable joint

example of amphiathrotic joints

vertebrae

diathrotic joins

movable joints

example of diathrotic joints

knees, elbow, wrists, shoulders, etc

why do diathrotic joints move

synovial fluid for lubrication

types of synovial (diathrotic) joints

ball socket, hinge, pivot, saddle

ball/socket joint example

shoulder and hip

hinge joint example

elbow and knee

pivot joint example

radius and ulna

saddle joint example

thumb and carpals

sutures

immovable joints of the skull

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

lamboidal suture

between parietal and occipital

squamosal suture

between parietal bone and temporal bone on side of the skull, bordered in back by occipital bone

saggital suture

between parietal bones

fontanel

Soft spot in the skull where membranes cover the space between bones in baby heads

foramen magnum

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord. Blood vessels and nerves leave this opening to face

how many in cervical

7

how many in thoracic

12

how many lumbar

5

true ribs

first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum

false ribs

last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to sternum

floating ribs

last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to sternum and are incomplete

Ulna is on

pinky side

Radius is on

thumb side

closed bone fracture

break that does not penetrate the skin

opened bone fracture

bone goes out the skin

greenstick bone fracture

incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends; common in children

Fissured bone fracture

longitudinal bone split

communited bone fracture

fragmented bone (shatters)

transverse bone fracture

complete bone break (2 pieces)

oblique bone fracture

bone breaks diagonally

spiral bone fracture

ragged break when bone is excessively twisted; common sports injury

bone spurs (osteophytes)

occur when the body grows small projections on the edges of bones

plantar fasciitis

an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot (heel pain, walking is painful)

osteoperosis

a condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily

(spongey bone becomes more poreus)

osteoperosis causes

lack of exercise, poor diet, genetics, ethnicity, gender

rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints become stiffened and deformatives

rickets

preventable bone disease affecting young children, deficiency in vitamin D. Rickets cause weak brittle bones that fracture easily (bowlegged)

first step in healing for the bone

inflammatory stage

tailbone is called what

coccyx

what cell secretes matrix for bone

osteoblasts

what structure allows bone to increase or grow

epiphysial plate

foremen is

hole/opening through a bone

what type of tissue is located at the ends of the long bone

articular cartilage

bones in hand

Carpals (8) Metacarpals (5) Phalanges (14)