Acids, Bases, and Salts

Acids taste:

Sour

Bases taste:

Bitter

Acids feel:

Burning

Bases feel:

Slippery

Acids react with metals?

Yes

Bases react with metals?

No

Do acids conduct electricity?

Yes

Do bases conduct electricity?

Yes

Bases turn:

Red litmus paper blue

Acids turn:

Blue litmus paper red

Acid indicator:

Universal indicator

Base indicator:

Cabbage juice

Bronsted Lowry Acid:

Anything that releases H1+ ions

Bronsted Lowry Base:

Anything that accepts H1+ ions

What is a hydronium ion?

the ion H3O+

What is a hydroxide ion?

OH-.

Strong Acid

Completely ionized in solution

Weak acid

Partially ionized in solution

Conjugate acid/base pair

An acid and a base that easily transfer a hydrogen ion between each other

Arrhenius acid

A compound that releases H+ ions in solution

Arrhenius base

A compound that releases OH- ions in solution

Conjugate acid of HCO3 in water

H2CO3

Household substance that's an acid

Lemon juice

Define amphoteric

Can act as an acid and a base

A salt is

An ionic compound that does not contain H+, OH- or O-2

What results from a neutralization

H2O and a salt

Classify HNO3 in this reaction

HNO3+H2O=H3O + NO3

Strong acid

Classify NH3 in this reaction

NH3 + H2O=NH4 + OH-

Weak base

Which pH range is basic?

7-14

Which pH is considered neutral?

7

A Titration is

A carefully measured neutralization to determine the concentration of an acid or a base.

An Endpoint is

When a neutralization reaction is complete and moles of acid=moles of base

Pink phenolphthalein has a pH of

10

Bases turn cabbage juice what color?

Green

Neutral substances turns universal indicator what color?

Green

Blue litmus paper turns what color in an acid?

Red/pink

Phenolphthalein turns what color in bases?

Red/pink

Red litmus paper turns what color in acids?

Red/pink

Blue neutral paper turns what color in neutral substances

Blue

Phenolphthalein turns what color in neutral substances

Clear colorless

Universal indicator turns what color in acids

Red/pink

Bases turn what color in cabbage juice

Green

Neutral substances turn what color in cabbage juice

Purple

Phenolphthalein turns what color in acids

Clear colorless

Blue litmus paper turns what color in bases

Blue

20.0 mL of HCl of an unknown concentration is titrated with 35.1 mL of .10 M KOH. The concentration of the HCl is

.18M

10.0mL of 0.20M H2SO4 is required to neutralize 133 mL of a NaOH solution of unknown concentration. What is the molarity of the NaOH solution?

.030M NaOH

What would the conjugate base be in the completed reaction:

H2SO4 + H2O=?

HSO4

Acids react with what to produce what?

Bases to produce water and a salt

A substance that completely ionizes in aqueous solutions and produces H3O+ ions is:

Strong acid

Substances that change color in the presence of acids or bases are called:

Indicators

In the reaction HClO3 + NI=NH4 +ClO3 the conjugate base of HClO3 is:

ClO3

In a conjugate acid base pair acid typically has:

One more proton than the base

Bases taste

Bitter

In the reaction NH3 + H2O=NH4 + OH, H2O is acting as a:

Brønsted-Lowry acid

Two scientists were working with an unknown solution in a lab. They found it conducted electricity and and reacted when in contact with a metal.was this unknown substance an acid or a base?

Acid

Arrhenius defined an acid as a substance that

Dissociates to produce hydrogen ions

Acids make what color litmus paper turn what color?

It makes blue paper turn red

Acids make red litmus paper turn

Red

Neutral substances make red litmus paper turn

Red

Bases make red litmus paper turn

Blue

Acids make blue litmus paper turn

Red

Neutral substances make blue litmus paper turn

Blue

Bases turn blue litmus paper

Blue

Phenolphthalein turns acids what color

Clear

Phenolphthalein turns neutral substances what color

Clear

Phenolphthalein turns bases what color

Pink

Cabbage juice turns acids what color

Red/pink

Cabbage juice turns Neutral substances what color

Blue/purple

Cabbage juice turns bases what color

Blue/green

Universal indicator turns acids what color

Red

Universal indicator turns neutral substances what color

Green

Universal indicator turns bases what color

Purple

What is the titration equation for calculating an unknown concentration?

(nH+)(Ma)(Va)=(nOH)(Mb)(Vb)

How many milliliters of .550M Mg(OH)2 are required to neutralize 21.5mL of a .400M HBr solution?

x=7.82mL

How many moles of base are required to neutralize 65.5mL of 1.1M HCl solution?

.072 moles

What is an Arrhenius acid?

A substance that produces H⁺ ions when dissolved in water.

What ion do Arrhenius acids produce in water?

H⁺ (or H₃O⁺) ions.

What is an Arrhenius base?

A substance that produces OH⁻ ions when dissolved in water.

What ion do Arrhenius bases produce in water?

OH⁻ ions.

Why are acids electrolytes?

They conduct electricity because they produce ions in water.

Why are bases electrolytes?

They conduct electricity because they produce ions in water.

What are the characteristics of acids?

Sour taste, produce H⁺, turn blue litmus red, corrode some metals, conduct electricity.

What are the characteristics of bases?

Bitter or chalky taste, slippery feel, produce OH⁻, turn red litmus blue, conduct electricity.

What color does blue litmus paper turn in an acid?

Red.

What color does red litmus paper turn in a base?

Blue.

What color does phenolphthalein turn in a base?

Pink.

How are binary acids named?

Use "hydro-" + nonmetal root + "-ic acid."

How is HCl(aq) named?

Hydrochloric acid.

How is HBr(aq) named?

Hydrobromic acid.

How is HF(aq) named?

Hydrofluoric acid.

How are acids containing polyatomic ions named?

Change "-ate" to "-ic acid" and "-ite" to "-ous acid."

What does an acid ending in "-ate" become?

"-ic acid."

What does an acid ending in "-ite" become?

"-ous acid."

Chlorate (ClO₃⁻) becomes what acid?

Chloric acid (HClO₃).

Chlorite (ClO₂⁻) becomes what acid?

Chlorous acid (HClO₂).

Carbonate (CO₃²⁻) becomes what acid?

Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃).

Nitrate (NO₃⁻) becomes what acid?

Nitric acid (HNO₃).

Nitrite (NO₂⁻) becomes what acid?

Nitrous acid (HNO₂).

Sulfate (SO₄²⁻) becomes what acid?

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).