EAPP 2ND QUARTER

Position paper

a type of academic writing that presents one's stand or viewpoint on a particular issue.

Topic, Issue, Claim/Position, Arguments/Evidence

Five features of position paper

Topic

The general concept of a position paper

Issue

Presented in the introduction, it is the specific problem or subject that the position paper addresses. Also called the “arguable points”

The claim or position

Your opinion, preference, understanding, and stand point. This is the thesis or main point of the position paper.

The Arguments

It is the evidence to prove and support the claim or position.

Introduction, Body, Conclusion

Parts of a position paper

Introduction

Grabs the attention of readers; defines the issue and provides a background about the topic of the position paper.

Body

States your main arguments and provide sufficient evidence in the paper.

Conclusion

Restates your position and main arguments. Ends with a powerful closing statement.

Claims

A statement that is not considered accepted by all. It may be unverified or controversial to a certain degree and is usually related to one side of an issue.

Fact, Value, Policy

Types of claim

Claim of Fact

It is an argument about a quantifiable (measurable) topic. Presents an idea as true or false. It presents something projected as "factual" or "true" but is actually debatable.

Claim of Value 

Also called the “claim of judgement”. it argues whether something is good or bad.

Claim of Policy

Also called the “claim of solution”. are arguments which assert the implementation of a certain rule. This is driven by the need to present a solution to problems.

Ethos, Pathos, Logos

Methods of Persuasion

Ethos

an appeal to credibility, ethics, character. your field of specialty or work.

Pathos

An appeal using emotions. Uses anecdotes.

Logos

An appeal using logic. Uses facts and statistics.

Report

Presents significant problems, help address problems with scientific method. Discusses Results or Findings with evidence

Concise Writing

Uses brevity, no repetition, efficient writing, and cuts unnecessary words

Clear Writing

Concrete terms and writing exact ideas; avoid using jargons

Objective Writing

Free of emotions and biases. Neutral and relies on evidences.

Non-Discriminatory Writing

Treat people equally with respect

Gender, Age, Disability

Considerations for Non-Discriminatory Writing

Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion

IMRAD format

I. Abstract

II. Introduction

III. Methods

IV. Results

V. Discussion

VI. Conclusion/Recommendation

VII. References

VIII. Appendices

Parts of a report

Laboratory Report

Scientific report, results from an experiment

Field Report

describes and analyzes observations made in a real-world setting, such as a social science study, a construction site, or a technical inspection

Survey, Interview, Observation, Case Study

Types of Field Report

Survey

open ended or close ended

Interview

between participants

Observation

Appeals to senses

Case study

e

Open-Ended

Asks people to provide answers in their own words. Expound answers and uses why, how, what, when, where.

Close-Ended

Questions have list of

Demographic

basic questions that ask people to reveal information about their background/profile

Yes-No

Trying to find something out for confirmation.

Multiple Choice

Only ONE option with different choices.

Checklist

More than one choices in a list of options.

Ranking

Identify the order of importance/preferences

Rating Scale

evaluates a product or service. Numerical value.

Likert Scale

Agree or Disagree