Manual of Structural Kinesiology - Neuromuscular Fundamentals

These flashcards cover key concepts related to neuromuscular fundamentals in structural kinesiology, focusing on muscle types, contractions, and physiology.

Muscle types that produce a greater range of movement are called __ muscles.

parallel muscles

A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle is known as __.

antagonist

The __ is the contractile portion of the muscle.

gaster

Muscle contractions can be classified as or based on whether the muscle shortens or lengthens during contraction.

isometric, isotonic

The primary action that a muscle performs is referred to as its __.

action

A type of muscle contraction where tension develops but the muscle does not change in length is called __ contraction.

isometric

Muscle fibers arranged obliquely to their tendons, resembling a feather, are known as __ muscles.

pennate

In the muscle contraction process, Calcium ions are released from the __.

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Muscles that assist the primary movers in carrying out a movement are called __.

synergists

Cross-section diameter of a muscle is directly related to its ability to exert __.

force

A muscle action that causes joint motion through a specific plane when contracting concentrically is performed by the __ muscle.

agonist

The __ factor that influences muscle contraction is related to the angle of pull.

angle of pull

The connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers is known as __.

endomysium

The __ relationship states that the optimal length of a muscle results in maximal tension development.

length-tension

Neurons that provide a stimulus to muscle fibers are known as __ neurons.

motor

Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are both types of __.

proprioceptors

The __ is a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.

tendon

For maximal force generation, muscles should be stretched to slightly over __% of their resting length.

100

__ muscles have fibers running on both sides of a central tendon.

Bipennate

During __ contractions, the muscle lengthens while generating tension.

eccentric

Muscle terminology referring to muscles that cross and act on two different joints is __ muscles.

biarticular

The role of muscles acting to stabilize a joint or body part is performed by __ muscles.

stabilizers