patho 370 Week 2 PQ 1 Ch 1,2,4,& 7

The stage of remission indicates:

the stage with a decrease in disease…..

  A cancer detecting kit claims it sensitivity to prostrate cancer is about 70%. This statement indicates that this test: …..

the test will correctly identify 70% of people who actually have prostate cancer, while missing the other 30%

Match the following:

Etiology The cause of a disease
Pathogenesis Development and progression…..
Clinical Manifestations Signs and Symptoms of a disease…
Sign Observable indication of the ….
Symptom Subjective feeling reported by …
Syndrome Groups of signs and symptoms…
Idiopathic Disease with no known cause
Iatrogenic Disease caused by medical….

Definition of endemic…..

native to a local region

  Sensitivity is:
the degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to measure.
the ability of the test to repeatedly be correct.
the probability that a test will be negative when person actually does not have a disease.
the probability that a test will be positive when a person truly has a particular condition.

the probability that a test will be positive when a person truly has a particular condition.

Specificity is:
the probability that a test will be negative when person actually does not have a disease.
the probability that a test will be positive when a person truly has a particular condition.
the degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to measure.
the ability of the test to repeatedly be correct.

the probability that a test will be negative when person actually does not have a disease.

Homeostasis refers to:
always changing to new baselines
not adjusting to stress factors
correcting for temporary shifts of “errors” in the balance of factors
never using an effector to re-adjust

correcting for temporary shifts of “errors” in the balance of factors

Norepinephrine and epinephrine will cause all of the followings EXCEPT:
rapid breathing
the dilation of cardiovascular smooth muscles
increased cardiac output
the elevation of serum glucose level

rapid breathing

Acute stress can cause all of the following reactions EXCEPT:
bronchoconstriction
hyperglycemia (increased serum glucose level)
the elevation of catecholamine
the increase of cardiac output

bronchoconstriction

Allostatic overload refers to:
The target “normal” range can be shifted in disease processes
Inadequate adaptation leading to inability to maintain homeostasis
Normal feedback mechanism s include unlimited suppression
The “signal” part of the loop is at the end

Inadequate adaptation leading to inability to maintain homeostasis

  After a threat, a patient becomes tachycardic and diaphoretic. Which mediator explains bronchodilation and increased cardiac contractility?
Prolactin
Epinephrine
Insulin
Calcitonin

Epinephrine

Cortisol is a stress hormone released from the adrenal medulla:
True
False

False

Which of the following is NOT part of GAS/Selye reactions?

Alarm
Exhaustion
Remission
Adaptation

Remission

Gas gangrene is:
only found on skin
an infection of aerobic bacteria, in particular Clostridium
the degradation of necrotic tissue in the internal organs
the necrotic tissue infected by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium

the necrotic tissue infected by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium

A patient with long-standing hypertension develops thickening of the left ventricular wall due to increased workload on the heart. Which cellular adaptation explains this change?
Dysplasia
Metaplasia
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia

Hypertrophy

All of the following are potentially reversible cellular responses EXCEPT:
ischemia
metaplasia
infarct/necrosis
inflammation

infarct/necrosis

P53 is considered a:
oncogene
tumor suppressor gene
proto-oncogene
retrovirus

tumor suppressor gene

A decrease in cell size, when NOT used, is known as:
hypertrophy
atrophy
ischemia
dilation

atrophy

  Hydrophic swelling is caused by Na+ - K+ pump dysfunction.
True
False

True

Rb Gene:
associated with breast cancer
blocks the cell cycle
bind to damaged DNA
binds to transcription factors

binds to transcription factors

Metaplasia is an irreversible process.
True
False

False

Bone marrow suppression would lead to:
fatigue and pale color in skin
decreased neutrophil number
recurrent infection
all of the above

all of the above

Mr. Jones is diagnosed with lung sarcoma, grade 4. He is scheduled to determine the TNM of his tumor. He wants to know what that means. Which of the following responses is correct?
It is a procedure to determine the tumor size and the extent of tumor spread in the body.
It is a histological exam of tissues to determine the types of cells that are spread in the body.
It is a surgical removal of all tumor cells.
It is a biochemical marker test to determine the genetic make-up of the tumor’s genes.

It is a procedure to determine the tumor size and the extent of tumor spread in the body.

GP eats “lots of fat,” lives a “stressful” life, drinks a lot of alcohol and has smoked “about two packs a day for the last 40 years.” GP is diagnosed as “liver carcinoma, grade 4, T2N1M0.” The recommended treatment is partial hepatectomy followed by chemotherapy. The most possible risk factor for development of liver cancer in G.P. is:
high-fat diet
cigarette-smoking
drinking alcohol
stressful lifestyle

drinking alcohol

A tumor that stimulates formation of new blood vessels to support its growth is demonstrating:
Angiogenesis
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia

Angiogenesis

GP eats “lots of fat,” lives a “stressful” life, drinks a lot of alcohol and has smoked “about two packs a day for the last 40 years.” GP is diagnosed as “liver carcinoma, grade 4, T2N1M0.” The recommended treatment is partial hepatectomy followed by chemotherapy. GP’s tumor is:
malignant epithelium origin
benign mesenchymal origin
benign epithelium origin
secondary to cancer elsewhere in the body

malignant epithelium origin

  Match the following:
thrombocytopenia – bruise and silent purpura

leukopenia – opportunistic infection
anemia – pale and lack of energy
Other incorrect match option: bone necrosis

Mr. Jones is diagnosed with lung sarcoma, grade 4. He has:
benign epithelial origin tumor
malignant epithelial origin tumor (X)
benign mesenchymal origin tumor
malignant mesenchymal origin tumor

malignant mesenchymal origin tumor

Bone marrow suppression can be caused by: all of the above (radiation therapy, malignant neoplasia)

Retrovirus: HIV (Kaposi’s sarcoma), Epstein-Barr virus (Burkitt lymphoma), Human T-lymphocyte virus type 1