4.2 Rise of Political Parties and Era of Jefferson

why did the federalists lose popularity during the Adams presidency

People disliked the Alien and Sedition Acts and complained about taxes

what type of Americans favored high tariffs

Northern Industrialists who needed high tariffs to protect their companies from foreign competition

what type of Americans favored low tariffs

Southerners who relied on exports of cash crops (wanted to encourage trade)

revolution of 1800

change from federalist to democratic-republican control (peaceful) (corresponds with election of Jefferson)

how did Jefferson win the allegiance of his Federalist competitors

he maintained the national bank and debt repayment plan of Hamilton

in foreign policy, what did Jefferson uphold

the neutrality policies of Washington and Adams

while in office, what did Jefferson do to appeal to Democratic-Republicans

1. reduced size of military

2. lowered national debt

3. repealed excise taxes; including the tax on whiskey

4. eliminated a number of federal jobs

what was one time Jefferson loosely interpreted the constitution

Louisiana Purchase

why was the US interested in the Louisiana Territory

the territory’s most valuable aspect, the port of New Orleans, had recently been revoked of its “Right to Deposit” for Americans by the Spanish. The territory became occupied by the French, and French delegates end up selling the territory for about $15 million as Napoleon needed to focus his efforts on the Haitian revolution and a war against Britain instead of expanding the French empire in the Americas.

What did Jefferson argue about the Louisianna purchase

that his purchasing agreement could be viewed under the President’s authority to make treaties

How did most Americans feel about the Louisiana Purchase

they supported it

consequences of the Louisiana Purchase

1. more than doubled size of the United States

2. removed European presence from the nation’s borders

3. extended the western frontier beyond Mississippi

4. strengthened Jefferson’s hopes of the country turning more agrarian

What did Jefferson do the Alien and Sedition Acts

He suspended them and released those jailed by them

What did Jefferson try to do in order to remove partisan federalists

impeach them

what did Jefferson’s campaign of impeachment do

it caused Federalists to be less partisan in their decisions

what was the Split in the Democratic-Republican Party called

The Whigs (Democratic Republicans who thought Jefferson abandoned their principles)

Aaron Burr’s Federalist Conspiracy

Aaron Burr secretly formed a political pact with some radical New England Federalists, he planned to win governorship of New York and then unite all the New England states and secede from the Union.

Marbury V Madison

(John Marshall decision)

William Marbury was denied commission by Thomas Jefferson because he was one of John Adam’s “midnight appointments”. Marshall stated that Marbury should be entitled to commission per the Judiciary Act, however, he stated that act gave the court more power than the Constitution allowed. Marbury would not receive his commission and Marshall established what is known as Judiciary Review

judicial review

supreme court decides whether an act of congress or of the president was allowed by the president

McCullough V Maryland

Maryland attempted to tax The Second Bank of the United States, which was located in Maryland. Marshall ruled that states could not tax federal institutions because “the power to tax is the power to destroy.” He also said the Constitution gave the federal government the implied power to create a national bank.