PSYCH 101 QUIZ

phrenology

Frank Joseph gall

Language output

Bro a,s area

Language input

Wernicke,s area

Wilhelm wundt

Studied the tructure of the mind (structuralism)

William James

Ievdhfunction of our mental processes are critical to our behavior *functionalism)

Sigmeund freud

The unconscious mind

We bring the unconscious to the conscious

Psychoanalysis

Abraham Maslow and car rogers

Humanistic psychology

John Watson and Ian Pavlov (Pavlov’s dogs —> focus only on observable behaviors); BF Skinner —> animals learn by interacting with their environment

Behaviorism

The mouses (engineer the environment and you can engineer human behavior)

Skinners box

Illusion

Errors of perception, memory or judgement where subject experiences differed from object reality

Gestalt psychology

Emphasizes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Mueller-lyer line

Optical illusion

Sir Frederic Bartlett (people fill in memories); Karl Ashley (parts of rat brains)

Conginitive psychology

John Garcia (rat poisoning); explains mind and behavior in terms of adaptive value of abilities that are preserved by natural selection

Evolutionary psychology

Normal Triplett (tricycle)

Studied social psychology through cyclists

Margaret mead

Anthropologist who studied cultural psychology

Francis Cecil sumner

Father of black psychology

NATIVISM

PLATO

nativism

, the view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn.

Aristotle

who believed that the child’s mind was a “blank slate” on which only experience could write, and he was a strong proponent of what we now call philosophical empiricism,

nature vs nurture

the plato aristotle debate most commonly mirrors what

Genie Wiley “feral child”

name of the girl in the case study

Clive Wearing

man in case study that could not remember even up to 30 seconds ago

H.M

man in case study who could not make new memories (anterograde amnesia) due to damage to his hippocampus after a bike incident

Lens, cornea, iris, pupil, retina

Parts of the eye (see quizlet for def)

Fovea

an area of the retina where vision

is the clearest and there are no rods; lower acuity for peripheral vision

Photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, ganglion cells, optic disk, optic nerve, brain PBGOOB

Order of transduction

Neuron

cells in the nervous system that

communicate with one another to perform

information-processing tasks

cell body

coordinates information processing tasks and keeps the cell alive

Ion eat perspective (lines get closer), interposition (object in front of another), texture gradient

Monocular depth cues

Convergence ( as smth closer to ur face your eyes go inward); retinal disparity (close one eye)

Binocular disparity

Pitch

How high or low a sound is (frequency)

Amplitude

A sound’s intensity

Timbre

A listener’s experience of sound quality or resonance (complexity)

Pinnacle, ear canal, eardrum

The outer ear

Ossicles: hammer, anvil, stirrup

Middle ear

Cochlea (snail), basilar membrane (vibrates from cochlear fluid), cilia (receptor neurons)

Semicircular canals: balance

The inner ear

Loudness and timing

Stereophonic hearing says that what helps s localize sound

pressure, texture, pattern, vibration

4 types of mechanoreceptors under the skin help us sense:

Cold and warmth

Thermoreceptors help us sense?

A-delta fibers

C-fibers

Tissue damage is detected by what pain receptors

=signals arriving from pain

receptors in the body can be stopped or gated by

interneurons in the spinal cord via feedback from

2 directions: skin receptors and brain signals

Gate-control theory

Input from spinal cord, signals from brain centers, memories, emotions, expectations, attention

What things can cause abnormal patterns in neural matrix and simulate pain

Olfactory receptor neurons

ORN

Made up of axons from ORNS; send messages to brain

Olfactory bulb

ORN Binding site, Olfactory receptor neuron, glomerulus, olfactory nerve

Anatomy of smell

Papillae, tastebuds

Your tongue has hundreds of ____ and thousands of ___

Taste receptors that react with tasting molecules in food

Microvilli

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

5 sensations of taste

Taste bud anatomy

• rancid & poisonous

• High in calories

• Important for all bodily functions

• High in protein

Bitter & sour —>

Sweet —>

Salt —→

Umami —→

True

True or false food aversion is learned

dendrites

receives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body

axon

transits information to other neuron, mucles, or glands

myelin sheath

insulating layer of fatty material

nodes of Ranvier

connect the myelin sheaths and increases efficiency of signal transmission

the junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another

synapse

learn neuron firing

sensory neurons

from external world through spinal cord to brain

motor neurons

spinal cord to muscles to induce movement

interneurons

neurons that connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons

enzyme deactivation

reuptake, enzyme deactivation, autoreceptors

neurotransmitters leave the synapse during what

-70milivolts

voltage of resting potential

-55 milivolts

voltage of action potential

refractory period

neuron cant fire again during

Na+ and K +

what helps maintain neuron @-7 milivolts

terminal buttons

knoblike structures that

branch out from an axon

neurotransmitters

chemicals that transmit

information across the synapse

how does a neuron stay at the resting potential

potassium 2 in and sodium 3 out

receptors:

parts of the cell membrane that

receive the neurotransmitter and initiate a new

electric signal

acetylcholine (ach); dopamine (DA); Norepinephrine (NE), Serotonin(5-HT), Endorphins

types of neurotransmitters

voluntary motor control, memory, learning - alzheimer’s disease

acetylcholine

regulates motor behavior, pleasure, emotional arousal’

dopamine

Resting Potential

When the neuron is at rest, positively charged

potassium ions (K+) flow out.

Action potential

an electric signal that is

conducted along an axon to a synapse

Occurs only when threshold for stimulation is

reached; all-or-none (approximately -55 mV)

– Cell becomes positively charged (+40 millivolts)

Refractory period:

the time following an

action potential during which a new action

potential cannot be initiated

schizophrenia

when you have too much dopamine

parkinson’s disease

when you have too little dopamine

influences mood and arousal - depression

norepinephrine

regulates sleep, dreaming, mood, aggression - depression, anxiety, OCD

serotonin

chemicals that act within pain and pleasure pathways and emotion centers of the brain - runner’s high

ENDORPHINS

LDOPA

since you cant get through the blood brain barrier, what can u give someoen with parkinson’s

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

SSRI

prozac

is used for depression and is an ssri

Nervous system:

an interacting network of

neurons that conveys electrochemical

information throughout the body; CNS and PNS

Nerves

bundles of axons and glial cells that

support neurons.

CNS

part of the nervous system that is only made up of the brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the body’s organs and muscles ; made up of the autonomic and somatic

AUTONOMIC: autopilot —> sympathetic (arousing & parasympathetic (calming)

SOMATIC: communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscles: sensory (afferent sensory input) motor (efferent (motor output)

explain parts of PNS

body to brain

sensory nervous system

brain to body

motor nervous system

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

major divisions of the brain

hindbrain

Transduction

When sensors in the body convert physical signals from the environment into neural signals sent to the CNS

SENSORY ADAPTATION

Sensitivity to prolonged stimulations tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions (stimulus doesn’t change)

Wavelength

Light waves vary in what