hcom 202 midterm

structuralism

you are a product of society, you are not inherently the way you are

poststructuralism

people having urges and free will to do something that wasn't the product of their upbringing

liberalism

promotes individual rights and civil liberties, political equality and equality before the law

essentialism

there are features, characteristics, etc. that are inherent in our material, genetic, or biological makeup

the human condition

the characteristics and key events of human life; such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, conflict, and mortality

value judgements

based on rightness or wrongness of something based on relative comparison, NOT fact-based

empirical statements

evidence which is facts, not up to interpretation

metaphysical statements

idea, doctrine, or posited reality outside of human sense perception

hinduism

Indian religion characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

main idea of hinduism

living creatures have a soul and are part of the supreme soul

doctrines of samsara

doctrines of life, death, and reincarnation (hinduism)

hinduism

maya; or deceit, and ninguna; nothing (what religion does this pertain to?)

upanishads

A group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe. Includes idea of the brahman, which resides in the atman

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

one of the principal upanishads; one of first upanishadic Hindu scriptures. includes metaphysics, ethics, yearning for knowledge.

brahman

a single spiritual power that Hindus believe lives in everything; which is infinite reality of the Divine Ground of the universe.

atman

the real you behind your ego in buddhism; cannot be perceived for it is what perceives

the ego (ahamkara)

activity of attributing objective existence to ego on the basis of subjective consciousness

moksha

liberation, reaching enlightenment in Hinduism

nirvana

liberation, reaching enlightenment in Buddhism

buddhism

the teaching that life is suffering and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth

three major ideas of buddhism

karma, samsara (rebirth), and anicca/anitya (impermanence).

dharma

the religious and moral duties of an individual; divine law

dukkha

suffering, one of the Noble Truths in Buddhism

four noble truths

1. All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path

plato's tripartite soul

logistikon (logic), thumetikon (spirit), epithumetikon (desire). located in the head, chest, and stomach, respectively

eudaimonia

happiness; highest human good (Aristotle)

Aristotle's three souls

vegetative soul, sensitive soul, rational soul

genesis

The first book of the Bible. It begins with the story of creation and ends with the death of Joseph in Egypt.

original sin

concept that all humans are born of sin and therefore are inherently sinful at birth

the fall

adam and eve's disobedience from god causing evil to enter their "perfect world"

free will

gift to human beings of the freedom and ability to choose what to do

compact of medina

established religious autonomy; muslims and non-muslims were equal citizens of Islamic state

tower of babel (Christianity)

people built a tower to reach god, he punished them by making them all speak different languages, teaching that it is bad for humans to do something on their own

tower of babel (Islam)

people built a tower to reach god, he made them all speak different languages but they could still communicate through religion to bring them closer to god despite differences

Mohammed

prophet of Allah; founder of Islam.