Anatomy lecture exam 3

2 groups of appendicular muscles

Muscles of pectoral girdle and upper limb

Muscles of pelvic girdle and axial skeleton

4 groups of pectoral girdle and upper limb

muscles that position pectoral girdle

Muscles that move the arm

Muscles that move the forearm and hand

Muscles that move the hand and fingers

Levator scapulae

elevates scapula

Pectoralis minor

depresses and contracts shoulder, rotates scapula, elevates ribs if scapula is stationary

rhomboid major

adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula

Pulls scapula towards the center of the back

rhomboid minor

adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula

Pulls scapula towards center of the back

Serratus anterior

protracts shoulder, rotates scapula so the Glenoid cavity moves superiority

Fan shaped

Subclavius

depresses and protracts lateral/scapular end of the clavicle

Trapezius

may elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward

Can also extend neck when the position of the shoulder is fixed

Coracobrachialis

Adduction and flexion at the shoulder

Only muscle attached to the scapula that flexes and adducts the arm at the shoulder joint

Deltoid

whole muscle: abduction of the shoulder

Anterior part: flexion and medial rotation of humerus

Posterior part: extension and lateral rotation of humerus

Prime mover for abducting the arm

supraspinatus

abduction at shoulder

Synergist for the deltoid

Infraspinatus

lateral rotation at shoulder

Antagonistic to Subscapularis and Teres major

Subscapularis

medial rotation at shoulder

teres major

extension and medial rotation at shoulder

teres minor

lateral rotation and adduction at shoulder

Antagonistic to Subscapularis and teres major

latissimus dorsi

extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

THE LATS

pectoralis major

flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Shoulder is a mobile but…..

Weak joint

rotator cuff

tendons of supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, teres minor

Supports and strengthens joint capsule of shoulder

biceps brachii

flexor of the shoulder

Action lines pass anterior to the axis of the shoulder joint

triceps brachii

extensor of shoulder

Action lines pass posterior to the axis of shoulder joint

Triceps brachii and biceps brachii

exert actions at more than one joint

brachialis and brachioradialis

flex teh elbow

anconeus and triceps brachii

antagonistic of brachialis and brachioradialis

flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus

superficial muscles that flex teh wrist

flexor carpi radialis

abducts wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris

adducts the wrist

extensor carpi radialis

extends and abducts the wrist

extensor capri ulnaris

extends and adducts teh wrist

Pronator teres and supinator muscle

antagonistic muscles, rotate the forearm without flexing or extending the elbow

Pronator quadratus

Assists Pronator teres in opposing the supination actions of the supinator muscle and biceps brachii

extensors typically lie…..

along the posterior and lateral surfaces of forearm

flexors are on…..

anterior and medial surfaces

biceps brachii

Flexion at elbow and shoulder, supination of forearm and hand by lateral rotation of radius at radioulnar joints

brachialis and brachioradialis

flexion at elbow

Triceps brachii long and medial head

extension at elbow

triceps brachii long head

extension at elbow, plus extension and adduction at shoulder

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Abductor pollicis longus

abduction at joints of thumb and wrist

extensor digitorum

Extension at finger joints and wrist

extensor pollicis brevis

extension at joints of thumb, abduction at wrist

SHORT

extensor pollicis longus

extension at joints of thumb, abduction of wrist

LONG

Extensor indicis

extension and adduction at joints of index finger

Pointer finger!

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Extensor digiti minimi

extension at joint of pinky finger, extension at wrist

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexion at proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joint

flexor digitorium profundus

flexion at distal interphalangeal joint

flexor pollicis longus

flexion at joints of thumb

synovial tendon sheath

elongated bursae that reduce friction

extensor retinaculum

fascia of the forearm thickens on posterior surface of wrist to form a wide band of connective tissue

Hold tendons of extensor muscles in place

flexor retinaculum

holds tendons of flexor muscles in place

fine motor control involves….

intrinsic muscles of the hand

intrinsic muscles are responsible for

extension and flexion of the fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints

Abduction and adduction of the fingers at teh metacarpophalangeal joints

Opposition and reposition of thumb

adductor pollicis

adduction of thumb

opponents pollicis

opposition of the thumb

Palmaris brevis

moves skin on medial border towards midline of palm

Abductor pollicis brevis

flexion and adduction of thumb

flexor digiti minimi brevis

flexion at fifth metacarpophalangeal joint

opponens digiti minimi

brings digit into opposition with thumb

Lumbrical

extension at proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

dorsal interosseous

Abduction of digits 2-4

Palmar interosseous

adduction of digits 2, 4, and 5

Anterior compartment of arm

biceps brachii, brachialis, Coracobrachialis

posterior compartment of arm

Triceps brachii

anterior compartment of forearm: superficial

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, Palmaris longus, Pronator teres

anterior compartment of forearm: deep

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, extensor carpi radialis longus

posterior compartment of arm

abductor pollicis longus, Anconeus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, supinator

gluteus Maximus

extension and lateral rotation at hip, helps stabilize the extended knee, abduction at the hip

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

abduction and medial rotation at hip

tensor fascia latae

extension of the knee and lateral rotation of the leg action through IT band

Obturator (external and internal), piriformis, and gemelli (superior and inferior)

lateral rotation and abduction of the hip, help to maintain stablility and integrity of the hip

adductor brevis and adductor longus

adduction and flexion at the hip

adductor Magnus

whole muscle produces adduction at the hip

Anterior part produces flexion and medial rotation

Posterior part produces extension

pectineus

flexion and adduction at hip

Gracilis

Flexion and medial rotation at knee, adduction and medial rotation at hip

iliacus

flexion at hip ad flexes the major intervertebral joints

Psoas major

flexion at hip and lumbar intervertebral joints

biceps femoris

flexion at knee, extension and lateral rotation at hip

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus

flexion at knee, extension and medial rotation at hip

sartorius

flexion at knee, abduction flexion and lateral rotation at hip

popliteus

medial rotation of tibia at knee

Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis

tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, paterallar ligament

Tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion at ankle, inversion of foot

gastrocnemius

plantar flexion at ankle, flexion at knee

fibularis brevis

eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle

Fibularis longus

Eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle, supports ankle, supports longitudinal and transverse arches

Plantaris

plantar flexion at ankle, flexion at knee

soleus

Plantar flexion, postural muscle when standing

Tibialis posterior

inversion of foot, plantar flexion of ankle

flexor digitorium longus

flexion of joints of toes 2-5

Plantar flexes ankle

flexor hallucis longus

flexion of the great toe, plantar flexes ankle

extensor digitorum longus

extension of toes 2-5, dorsiflexes ankle

extensor hallucis longus

extension at joints of great toe, dorsiflexes ankle

extensor digitorum brevis

Extension at metatarsophalangeal joint of toes 1-4

Abductor hallucis

Abduction of great toe

flexor digitorum brevis

flexion of toes 2-5

Abductor digiti minimi

abduction and flexion of pinkie toe

quadratus plantae

Flexion at joints of toes 2-5

lumbricals

Flexion at metacarpophalangeal joints

Extension of toes 2-5

blood

fluid connective tissue that circulates through the cardiovascular system