Biology 101 test 2

closed system

Cannot exchange energy with its surroundings

Open system

Can exchange energy with it’s surroundings

Enzyme

Activation energy is required to initiate a chemical reaction to occur. Which of the following lowers the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur within a cell?

2

The citric acid cycle has to be completed _____ times to fully process and release the energy from a glucose molecule.

Facultatively Anaerobic

Which term describes an organism that can switch between aerobic respiration and fermentation?

3

How many phosphate groups does ATP have?

2

How many phosphate groups does ADP have?

ATP synthase

Ions are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane by what?

closed

A _____________ system cannot exchange energy with its surroundings

R group

The ________________ component of an amino acid creates a unique and ideal environment for substrates to react with enzymes.

2

What are the net products formed during glycolysis? ATP?

2

What are the net products formed during glycolysis? NADH?

2

What are the net products formed during glycolysis? Pyruvate Molecules

6

What are the net products formed during glucose metabolism? CO2?

4

What are the net products formed during glucose metabolism? ATP?

8

What are the net products formed during glucose metabolism? NADH?

2

What are the net products formed during glucose metabolism? FADH2?

Chemiosmosis

Which term describes the flow of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane?

False

Metabolic pathways spontaneously occur on their own True or false?

potential

Molecules store ____________ energy in the form of chemical bonds.

Carboxyl group

Which of the following is not a component of an ATP molecule?

Electron transport chain

Which term is used to describe a series of chemical reactions that transport electrons through the inner membrane of the mitochondria until it finds an oxygen molecule?

6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6

How many turns of the Calvin cycle does it take to generate one glucose molecule?

stroma

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

yes

Is all matter is recycled and conserved in nature?

Mesophyll

What is the middle layer of the leaf of a plant called?

photon

One pigment molecule absorbs one _____________, or packet of light energy, at a time

1

How many molecules of Glucose (C6H12O6) are the result of a photosynthesis reaction?

6

How many molecules of Oxygen (O2) are the result of a photosynthesis reaction?

pigment molecules and proteins

What comprises a photosystem?

6

How many molecules of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) go into a photosynthesis reaction?

6

How many molecules of each of Water (H2O) into a photosynthesis reaction?

Photosystem II

What comes first in light-dependent reactions?

Photosystem I

What comes second in light-dependent reactions?

chloroplast

The _________________ is the organelle in which photosynthesis takes place

Infrared Light

Which of the following has the longest wavelength? *Infrared Light *Ultraviolet Light *Blue Light *Red Light

Ultraviolet light

Which of the following has the shortest wavelength? *Infrared Light *Ultraviolet Light *Blue Light *Red Light

6

What is the total input number of CO2 molecules to create 1 glucose molecules in the Calvin Cycle?

12

What is the total input number of ATP in Reduction Step molecules to create 1 glucose molecules in the Calvin Cycle?

6

What is the total input number of NADPH molecules to create 1 glucose molecules in the Calvin Cycle?

6

What is the total input number of ATP in Regeneration Step molecules to create 1 glucose molecules in the Calvin Cycle?

autotroph

Organisms that produce their own food by performing photosynthesis are known as _______________.

Degradation

Which of the following is not a stage of the Calvin cycle?

• Degradation

• Reduction

• Regeneration

• Fixation

NADPH and ATP

Light energy is stored in which of the following molecules?

• NADPH

• ADP

• NAD+

• ATP

parent

During cell division, two identical daughter cells are formed from one _____________ cell.

Metaphase

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

prophase

During which step of mitosis does the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum break apart?

Binary fission

Prokaryotic organisms divide through a process called _____________.

Damaged DNA

Which of the following is not a requirement to pass C1 checkpoint.

• Damaged DNA

• Spindle Microtubule Attachment

• Adequate Reserves

• Cell Size

G2

Which checkpoint is responsible for ensuring that all chromosomes have been replicated properly?

5

How many mitotic stages are there for a cell to completely divide its' nucleus?

centriole

Mitotic spindles attach to the _______________  within a centrosome.

Gametes

Which of the following is used to describe sex cells?

Genome

All of the DNA within a cell

Diploid

Cells that contain sets or pairs of chromosomes

Haploid

Cells that contain unpaired chromosomes

Genes

Determines a specific characteristic about a organism

Trait

Determines variations within a characteristic

Telophase

At which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope begin to form around the chromosomes as they begin to decondense?

plasmid

_____________ is the name of the circular DNA in a prokaryote.

G1 phase

accumulates necessary materials for complete DNA replication

G2 phase

Cytoskeleton is dismantled and some organelles are duplicated

S phase

formation of sister chromatids

G0 phase

Cells are inactive

False

All cells divide normally through the process of cell division.

True or False

True

Plants cannot form a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis because they have a cell wall.

True or False

Anabolic Pathway

What type of metabolic pathway uses energy to produce
a large molecule?

Allosteric or Active site

When an inhibitor molecule binds to an enzyme, where
does it bind?

Glycolysis

What is the first step of breaking down a glucose
molecule?

mitochondria

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

2

How many times does the citric acid cycle need to be
completed to break down a glucose molecule?

Photoautotrophs

Organisms that use sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates
are known as ______________.

stomata

What structure opens and closes to allow the flow of
carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen into and out of a leaf
for photosynthesis?

Thylakoid membrane

Where do light-dependent reactions take place?

1

How many CO2 molecules are fixed during each turn of
the Calvin cycle?

H2O

What molecule is broken down during light-dependent
reactions?

O2

What molecule is produced during light-dependent
reactions?

false

True or False. An entire glucose molecule is produced
during the Calvin Cycle.

telophase

During which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope
form around the chromosomes?

membrane of the vesicles

What is used to form the plasma membrane in cytokinesis
of plant cells?

G2 phase

During which phase of interphase during cell division does
the cytoskeleton dismantle?

M checkpoint

Which checkpoint ensures that the sister chromatid
correctly attached to the spindle microtubules?

has paired chromosomes

What does it mean for a cell to be diploid?

2

How many daughter cells are formed from one parent
cell?

Prophase

During what phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope
break down into vesicles?

Anabolic pathway

What type of metabolic pathway uses energy to produce a large molecule?

enzyme

what lowers activation energy to initiate a chem reaction?

allosteric site

when an inhibitor molecule binds to a enzyme, where does it bind

an adenine molecule, a ribose molecule, and 2 phosphate groups.

what is an ADP molecule comprised of?

glycolysis

what is the first step of breaking down a glucose molecule

mitochondria

where does the citric acid cycle take place

2 times

how many times does the citric acid cycle need to be completed to break down a glucose molecule

Anaerobic

what term describes an organism that uses in organic molecules as the final electron acceptor of the electron chain

facultatively anaerobic

organisms that can switch between aerobic respiration and fermentation are said to be _______

glycolysis

which process during glucose catabolism breaks apart the glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules?

6CO2+6H2O = C6H12O6 +6O2

what is the chemical formula for photosynthesis

photoautotrophs

organisms that use sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates are known as?

stomata

what structure opens and closes to allow the flow of carbon dioxide and water into and out of a leaf for photosynthesis

Thylakoid membrane

where do light-dependent reactions take place?